How to get rid of extra pounds. Reduced diet

Date: 08.04.2019

Reducing diet is to reduce the number of calories entering the body. This is most often a reduction in the total energy demand of the body by about 500-1000 kcal, depending on how much and at what pace we want to lose weight.

A reducing diet allows healthy and effective weight loss if calorie reduction is adapted to the needs of the body.

What is a reducing diet?

This is a diet for weight loss, so it is to reduce the amount of calories entering the body. Weight loss requires a call for an energy deficit, that is, the consumption of a smaller amount of energy than follows from individual demand. The reduction can be from 500 to 1000 kcal, but one should always consider the predisposition of the person.

Before deciding to reduce the daily dose of energy, it is necessary to calculate the basic and total metabolism. Only then can one think about how many calories to lose weight at a healthy pace.

Too much reduction in the number of calories delivered can actually lead to a number of health problems, and also contribute to the yo-yo effect.

Diet rules

The reduction diet is based on the principles of proper nutrition.

It is recommended to eat 5 times a day, at regular intervals, every 3-4 hours, and the latter is not later than 2-3 hours before bedtime.
The menu should include foods that provide complete protein in the form of lean meat, lean and fatty fish, skimmed milk and its products, eggs and legumes.
The main source of energy in the diet to reduce fat should be complex carbohydrates. Therefore, every day you need to consume whole grain cereals, such as wholemeal bread, coarse cereals, brown rice or dark pasta.
It is recommended to choose mainly fats from fats, that is vegetable oils, soft margarine, olive oil.
The diet should contain vegetables and fruits, especially fresh. Vegetables should be added in the largest quantities, preferably in each meal. You can also replace them with juices.
It is necessary to exclude all kinds of sweets, salty snacks, food, alcohol and other stimulants, sweetened beverages and products with a high degree of processing.
Daily it is recommended to drink at least 2 liters of liquid, especially in the form of water. You can also drink tea, such as green, and herbal infusions.

Benefits of Diet

A reducing diet promotes effective, permanent weight loss, while improving health and well-being. The important thing is that weight loss is achieved by fat loss, not muscle or water loss. Despite the reduction in energy supply, this diet is not a typical starvation - due to the presence of protein in the diet and complex carbohydrates, it provides a feeling of satiety and prevents hunger attacks, eliminating the problem of snacking between meals.

However, the positive effect of the diet does not end there. What are the other benefits of this type of weight loss?

A reducing diet teaches healthy, proper nutrition and the right choice of foods.
It supports the cleansing of the body of toxins due to the high content of foods rich in fiber.
It improves intestinal motility and digestion.
It adds energy due to regular meals and the availability of foods with a low glycemic index.
Reduction of adipose tissue is associated with a reduced risk of diseases associated with overweight and obesity, for example, diabetes, atherosclerosis, hypertension.

Disadvantages of the diet

The reducing diet is intended for patient people. It requires accurate counting of calories derived from individual dishes, which can be quite time-consuming. Improperly constructed reduction diet may be associated with a number of adverse side effects to health and well-being.

Too sharp reduction of energy supply, especially if the diet is used for a long time, can lead to the destruction of the body, deficiencies in nutrients.
Incorrectly composed reduction diet slows down the metabolism and causes the yo-yo effect.
Careful counting of calories sometimes contributes to obsession with weight loss and the fear of weight gain, even after eating an extra leaf of lettuce.
In the case of low-calorie diets, there is often a deterioration in health, constant irritability and nervousness.

An exemplary menu of the reduction diet

What can you eat with the observance of the reduction diet for weight loss? An exemplary menu in a diet aimed at a calorie content of 1500 kcal may look as follows:

Breakfast: 2 slices of whole-wheat bread with 1 teaspoon of margarine, 1 package of cottage cheese with vegetables, for example, pepper, radish, 1 cup of tea without sugar.
Breakfast: natural yoghurt with 2 tablespoons of oatmeal and diced small banana.
Lunch: cod fillet (about 150 g), baked in foil without fat, boiled brown rice, steamed broccoli (about 200 g), drizzled with a spoon of olive oil.
Snack: 1 medium apple, a handful of almonds.
Dinner: pasta salad, consisting of: 1 cup of cooked pasta from wholemeal, a piece of chicken ham, red pepper, 2 tablespoons of canned corn, a spoon of natural yogurt, a teaspoon of mayonnaise and any herbs and spices.

Mini slimming tips

Reduce portions by a third - this is what will help build! Short and to the point :)

Put supplements or stop? When this question arises, it's time to stop eating. This body gives you a signal of imminent saturation, otherwise you would have no doubt.

If you tend to overeat in the evenings, then take a warm shower before dinner. 5-7 minutes, and you have a completely different mood and attitude towards food. Try it - it works.

No matter how tasty the food, you will eat it many more times. This is not the last meal in your life! Remind yourself of this when you feel you cannot stop and frantically swallow piece by piece.

Posted: 02/10/2007 at 11:45
Views: 4629

The classic reduction diet, the most widely used in the Czech Republic and Slovakia, is the diet of Academician Harvat, and all others proceed from this diet.

At first, this diet was calculated for a person with a height of 170 cm and with a body weight of 70 kg.

The composition of the diet of academician Harvat as follows:

proteins - 70 g = 1201 kJ (287 kcal);

fats - 40 g = 1557 kJ (372 kcal);

sugar - 60 g = 1030 kJ (246 kcal);

Total = 3788 kJ (905 kcal).

Indicative menu for the Harvat diet:

Breakfast: a cup of tea or black coffee with saccharin, 100 ml of milk, 1 soft-boiled egg, 1 Carlsbad rusk.

Second breakfast: 1 apple (approximately 100 g).

Lunch: without soup, 130 g low-fat boiled beef meat or veal; 100 g of boiled potatoes (salted and sprinkled with cumin to taste, without fat), 200 g of raw vegetables salad, cooked without fat (add lemon, onion, garlic to taste), black coffee with saccharin (or some other artificial sweet substance ), mineral or ordinary tap water.

Lunch: a cup of tea with saccharin, 1 apple (approximately 100 g).

Dinner: 80 g low-fat ham, 1 egg, 10 g of oil (oil can be used to extinguish vegetables or cooking scrambled eggs, or toasting ham), water or tea with saccharin.

Harvat's reducing diet contains the usual amount of protein per day, i.e. 1 g per kg of body weight. In all dishes reduced the content of sugars and fats. Sugar is completely excluded, food is sweetened only with artificial sweeteners (with a reduction diet, sorbitol should not be used for sweetening, which has a high calorie (1298 kJ per 100 g) and is used in a diabetic diet).

In all reduction diets, it is necessary to ensure that the meat consumed is low-fat, the milk is bold (with 2% fat), and the cheese is low-fat. It is necessary to exclude sugar and all sweets (honey, chocolate) from the diet, limit the use of potatoes, rice, flour products, white bread. It is not recommended to eat fried foods, because they contain a lot of fat.

Salt and pepper food need a little, as spicy dishes stimulate appetite.

Soup from the diet is best to completely eliminate or use only meat and vegetable broth without flour dressing, with chopped pieces of meat and vegetables.

Meat (necessarily low-fat) should be prepared on a small amount of fat in a teflon pan, grilled or cooked in water. The side dish should be mostly vegetable. Vegetables should be stewed in water, filling with flour as little as possible.

Sauces are best eliminated from the diet. Instead of cakes, etc. fruit, artificially sweetened compotes, fruit juices, etc. should be given.

With all reduction diets, it is necessary to control the number of joules taken. If taking joules does not exceed the amount allowed by the diet, then the loss in body weight is guaranteed.

However, we should not forget that any diet is successful only if the person does not overeat again after losing weight. Otherwise, he will soon begin to recover again and in a short period of time will restore his former body weight.

When following a diet there is no need to avoid too much physical exertion. Showing walks and movement in the fresh air, work in the garden, moderate sports activities. In this case, however, it is necessary to ensure that sleep was regular and sufficient for the duration.

In order to keep the skin healthy while maintaining the reduction diet, it is necessary to thoroughly rub it with a dry brush every day. Such rubbing improves the blood supply to the skin, which, even losing those extra pounds, will still remain supple. After this procedure, the skin should always be smeared with cosmetic milk.

Since the majority of women spend most of the day at work, the following is a reduction diet adapted to the living and working conditions of a working woman. This diet is used in outpatient obesity treatment at the Prague Institute of Cosmetics. This diet is based on the Harvat diet, and the number of joules (5020-5442 kJ) is set depending on the nature of work and gender.

The diet is given as an example of a reduction diet, which can be changed, if desired, without exceeding the specified number of joules; The diet includes a sufficient amount of protein and minerals (meat, fish, low-fat dairy products), vitamins (vegetables, fruits), and carbohydrate intake (flour, sugar, starch) is limited to the limit. If the reduction diet is observed, it is not recommended to eat in factory canteens, because the calorie of meals in them is higher than the allowable with a reduction diet. For lunch, it is best to eat some cold dish (for example, white yogurt or 100 grams of dietary sausage, or 0.5 liters of semi-fat milk, etc.), vegetables, fruits, tea or coffee, sweetened with artificial sweets. Therefore, for lunch you should eat what is recommended for the 1st dinner, and for the 1st dinner, on the contrary, there is a warm dish, since in most families at that time warm food is served. With this diet, all food is divided into 6 doses (receptions). Various possible options are given in brackets, from which you should choose only one, the most suitable one:

1. 7.00: breakfast: tea with saccharin (coffee with saccharin), 1 hard-boiled or soft-boiled egg, (50 g of lean meat or smoked meat, 50 g of cheese,

70 grams of low-fat cottage cheese), 50 grams of bread;

2. 9.30: second breakfast: 1 apple (1 banana, 1 orange, 1 grapefruit);

3. 12.00: lunch; without soup, 100 g of lean meat (boiled, stewed, grilled), 150 g of potatoes, (200 g of vegetable salad), savory mineral water, coffee or tea with saccharin;

Reduced diet - low-calorie, low in carbohydrates and fats, relatively rich in protein, is designed to restore normal weight, recommended for people suffering from obesity, and anyone who wants to get rid of extra pounds. On it you can take 4190 kJ / 1000 kcal per day, with a long reduced diet - 8400 kJ / 2000 kcal. The composition of the food - about 100 g of protein, 70 g of fat, 230 g of carbohydrates daily. Being treated, it is very important not to have a strong feeling of hunger, so you need to eat low-calorie food 5 times a day, but it contains a lot of vegetables and fruits. We must constantly think about weight and ensure the return of energy by movement and physical work. It is necessary to engage in sports, tourism. Diet eliminates sugar, it has at least fat. It does not include fried foods. Products can be boiled, stewed, baked. Only non-nutritive sugar substitutes are used in food. Spices do not limit. Vegetables - raw, cooked, stewed. In the diet include products with high volume and low energy value.

Soups. We recommend weak broths from meat, bones and vegetables, fat-free and without flour dressings. Mainly - vegetable: soup, borscht, beetroot, okroshka. As a dressing - boiled meat, egg white, liver dumplings. A portion of soup - 250-300 g.

Meat, fish - low fatness. Beef, veal, game, chicken, turkey, rabbit, lamb, low-fat fish, fish fillets. Mostly, in boiled form, as well as stewed, baked in large and small pieces. As a side dish with meat, you can bake vegetables or mushrooms. Low-fat ham.

Vegetables They are widely used in all forms, in some cases - raw. Served as a side dish to 2nd dishes 150-200 g. Beans, stewed cabbage, stewed kohlrabi, broth, cauliflower, vegetable stew, white cabbage. Potatoes, carrots, beets, green peas - add to other dishes. In vegetable dishes - dill, parsley.

Snacks - salads from raw and fermented vegetables, vinaigrettes, aspic from fish or meat.

Fat - limited to 30-50 g per day. Better - vegetable, containing a large amount of unsaturated fatty acids that prevent vascular aging.

Egg dishes: 1-2 pieces per day - hard boiled eggs, protein or omelets with vegetables.

Dishes and side dishes of cereals and pasta. Limited to add to vegetable soups. Limit crumbly porridge. Buckwheat, pearl barley, barley cereals are used due to reduction of bread.

Bread and bread products. On the day, 50-100 g of wheat and rye bread made from coarse flour. Protein-wheat and protein-bran bread.

Fruit, sweet dishes - low-calorie, with high biological qualities, savory varieties in their natural form. Apples, peaches, oranges, grapefruits, cherries, cherries, apricots. Lumps are prepared without sugar or with non-nutritive substitutes (saccharin). Jelly and mousse on methylcellulose, xylitol, sorbitol.

Sauces and spices. In moderate quantities, various non-acute sauces and seasonings, vegetable oil gravy with vinegar (for salads), sauce, mayonnaise. Tomato, white with vegetables, weak mushroom, vinegar. With elevated blood pressure, do not salt the food.

The drinks. Tea, tea with milk, black coffee, with milk, skim milk, kefir, mineral water, low-sweet fruit, vegetable, berry juices, dogrose broth, wheat bran.

Contraindicated. Sugar and confectionery on sugar, candies, jam, honey, chocolate, ice cream, jelly, buns, pies, pies, cookies, raisins, figs, dates, grapes, bananas, very sweet varieties of other fruits, a large amount of bread, pork, products from it, sausages, sausages, cracklings, lard, goose meat, duck, fatty fish, salted, smoked fish, canned fish, caviar, fried dishes. Fat milk, cream, fat cottage cheese, sweet yogurt, ryazhenka, fatty and salty cheeses. Rice, semolina, oatmeal, pasta, legumes. Fruit water, coca-cola, cocoa, sweet soft drinks, grape and other sweet juices, alcohol. Beer and wine are allowed in limited quantities (as recommended by the doctor).

How to get rid of extra pounds

If you want to normalize your weight in the simplest way, eat so much that your daily diet does not exceed 5020 kJ, or 1200 kcal. This diet contains a large amount of proteins, vegetables and fruits, sufficient - vitamins, limited-sugars and fats, many - ballast substances (vegetable fibers). The long-term plan for the normalization of body weight is divided into 2 parts: the main reduced and additional supporting diets. The main reduction is a strict diet for a period from a few weeks to months when only 1000-1200 kcal is consumed per day. With this diet, you will lose weight daily by 100 g, i.e. by 1 kg in 10 days.

Approximate diet of the general reduced diet (5020 kJ / 1200 kcal):

1st breakfast: tea or coffee with artificial sugar, 40 grams of bread, 10 grams of butter; 2nd breakfast: 50 g of cottage cheese or low-fat cheese or 1 egg, 20 g of bread or 200 g of tomatoes; lunch: 100 g of lean meat, 100 g of potatoes, 200 g of vegetables; snack: 1/8 l milk, 1/2 buns; Dinner: 100 g of not fatty meat, 100 g of potatoes (or other vegetables), 50 g of dumplings (for its preparation - 5 g of fat, 5 g of flour, 1/4 of eggs).

Reduced low-calorie diet takes into account the needs of the body, it can not cause harm to health. The biological impact of food is achieved by vegetables, meat, milk, cottage cheese, eggs. Diets containing energy less than 2093 kJ / 500 kcal can be observed only in the hospital. With a starvation diet, undesirable metabolic phenomena occur, the presence of ketone substances in the blood increases as a result of the breakdown of fats, and the general physical and mental state worsens, according to Professor GI Molchanov. Low-calorie and biologically inferior diets, and especially fasting, in his opinion, are not the right form of treatment. According to another point of view shared by academicians P.K. Anokhin, A.A. Pokrovsky, N.A. Fedorov, professor Yu.S. Nikolaev and others, fasting, if you know how to use it, can become a powerful biological tool that allows you to save patients from various diseases that are not amenable to treatment with medicaments and other methods common in medicine. About the so-called unloading-diet therapy - a little later, and now we will return to the conversation about the reduced diet, more specifically - to its 2nd part. So…

Long maintenance diet. At achievement of normal weight it is necessary to support it at the reached level by means of a certain diet. The body should receive at least 100 g of proteins, but a limited amount of sugar and fat, the energy value of the diet - about 7540 kJ / 1800 kcal. Sugar is replaced by low-calorie artificial substitutes. It is necessary to moderate considerably the use of table salt - about 8 g (5 g added to food, and 3 g is contained in the products themselves); liquids: soup on 1 reception - no more than 250 ml and 1-1,2 l of free liquid in the form of milk, tea, compote. Depending on age and state of health it is necessary to increase physical activity.

Sample menu for a long maintenance diet:

1st day: 1st breakfast: meat salad, coffee with milk; 2nd breakfast: yeast pate; lunch: okroshka on fruit broth (0.5 portions), boiled chicken with vegetable garnish under white sauce, tea jelly, green salad; snack: 1 orange or grapefruit; dinner: fish aspic with stewed cabbage, dogrose broth (0.5 cups); at bedtime: kefir (200 g); all day to the table - 100 gray bread, 40 g of xylitol, 50 g of cheese;

2nd day: 1st breakfast: vinaigrette, boiled meat with green peas, tea with milk; 2nd breakfast: low-fat cottage cheese; lunch: borsch on secondary meat broth (1/2 portions), stewed liver, potatoes, spinach, compote from fresh apples (without sugar); snack: fruit salad; dinner: boiled fish in milk sauce with stewed zucchini, rosehip broth (1/2 portions); bedtime: sour milk (200 g); all day to the table: 100 g of gray bread, 40 g of xylitol;

3rd day: 1st breakfast: scrambled eggs with boiled meat, coffee with milk, salad with sauerkraut n cucumber; 2nd breakfast: cottage cheese with milk and herbs; lunch: cauliflower soup (1/2 portions), cucumber salad, natural veal zrazy, potatoes, cranberry juice jelly; snack: fruit (150 g); Dinner: stuffed cabbage stuffed with vegetables and egg, jellied fish, dogrose broth (1/2 cup); bedtime: yogurt; all day to the table: 100 g of gray bread, 40 g of xylitol, 50 g of cheese.

Reduced diet with contrasting days (Egorov-Dobersky modification). Over time, the body becomes accustomed to the consumption of low-calorie food - there is no expected decrease in body weight. In this time, you can try a diet in which the types of food alternate in contrast with each day. As a rule, the diet is easily tolerated, contains an average 4190 kJ / 1000 kcal and about 85 g B, 40 g F, 75 g Y per day. In the 7-day cycle with this diet alternate cottage cheese, fruit, meat, fatty days with days of mixed food.

Menu reduced diet with contrasting days:

1st day cottage cheese (B-115 g, F -50 g, U - 50 g; 1154 kcal); product dosage: 500 g of cottage cheese, 1 egg, 25 g of butter, 150 g of cream, 45 g of flour; 1st breakfast: salty cottage cheese cookies, tea; 2nd breakfast: fresh cottage cheese; dinner: whipped sugar-free cottage cheese, salty sponge cake; snack: fresh cottage cheese; dinner: salted cottage cheese cookies, cream;

2nd day apple (4 g B, 4 g F, 193 g U; 790 kcal) - 1300-1500 g of apples or other fruits or vegetables (carrots, cucumbers, green salad); 1st breakfast: apple compote without sugar; 2nd breakfast: grated apple without sugar; lunch: baked apples; snack: apple compote without sugar; dinner: applesauce;

3rd day, mixed food (100 g B, 60 g F, 100 g Y; 1350 kcal) - 180 g beef, 30 g onion, 1 g flour, 50 g cheese, 30 g bread, 100 g butter, 1 / 2 eggs, 100 g apples, 20 g cucumbers, 10 g tomato paste, 200 g potatoes, 100 g cottage cheese, 150 g vegetables, 150 g sour milk; 1st breakfast: cheese, bread, butter, tea; 2nd breakfast: grated apple; lunch: tomato soup, baked veal, potatoes, cabbage salad; afternoon snack: downed curd with fruit; dinner: goulash; bedtime: sour milk;

4th day of meat (130 g B. 19 g. J. 20 g U; 784 kcal) - 660 low-fat beef, 300 g vegetables, 100 g milk, 400 g unnatural coffee; 1st breakfast: baked veal with mustard and cucumber; 2nd breakfast: coffee (non-natural) with milk; lunch: veal with vegetables; afternoon tea: coffee (non-natural) with milk; dinner: baked beef, green bean salad;

5th day fat (9 g B, 70 g F, 11 g U; 800 kcal) - 0.25 l of whipped cream, 100 g milk, 400 g unnatural coffee, 100 g natural coffee; 1st breakfast: whipped cream; 2nd breakfast: coffee (non-natural) with milk; dinner: whipped cream, black coffee (unnatural); afternoon tea: coffee (non-natural) with milk; dinner: whipped cream;

6th day of meat (130 g B, 30 g F, 24 g U; 784 kcal) is the same as on the 4th day; 1st breakfast: boiled beef, carrot salad with apple; 2nd head truck: coffee (non-natural) with milk; lunch: veal, baked without fat, spinach; afternoon tea: coffee (non-natural) with milk; dinner: natural beef zrazy, leafy salad;

7th day, mixed diet (100 g B, 60 g F, 100 g U; 1350 kcal) - the same as on the 3rd day; 1st breakfast: processed cheese, bread, butter, tea; 2nd breakfast: tomatoes; dinner: beef broth with egg and noodles, veal or lamb with spices, potatoes, cabbage salad; snack: milk; dinner: ham, bread, butter, tomatoes, tea; still dinner: sour milk.

During the week a person suffering from obesity receives a sufficient amount of nutrients, but the weekly rates of their use are concentrated for 1 day, so they are fully digested. The alternation of food products does not allow the body to adapt to a specific mode.

Okroshka on fruit broth. Take 100 g of potatoes, 150 g of cucumbers, 100 g of fresh apples or 25 g of dried, 1 egg, 10 g of greens, 40 g of sour cream. Apples are washed, cut, poured boiling water, brought to a boil and insist 2-3 hours, filtered. The potatoes are boiled in their skins, cooled, peeled, cut into cubes. Peel and chop fresh cucumbers. Greens are washed, chopped. Eggs boiled hard boiled. Egg white is finely chopped, and the yolk is ground with sour cream. Connect all major parts of okroshka and pour fruit broth. Add a little citric acid, as well as xylitol (to taste). Served with sour cream.

Boiled chicken with vegetable garnish under bechamel. On 250 g of chicken (with bone) - 1/2 eggs, 150 g of cabbage, 50 g of carrots, 30 g of peas, 50 g of milk, 5 g of potato flour, 5 g of butter, 3 g of greens. The chicken is boiled until half cooked. The broth is drained, and the chicken is poured with fresh water and boiled until tender. Peeled and chopped vegetables (carrots, cabbage) are stewed until cooked, using secondary chicken broth. Green canned peas are heated. To make the sauce, flour is diluted with cold milk and brought to a boil. The hard-boiled egg is finely chopped. Spread chicken and prepared vegetables in a plate. Pour over the sauce. Sprinkle with egg and finely chopped greens.

Veal baked with vegetables and cheese. 250 g of veal - 10 g of vegetable oil, 150 g of fresh tomatoes, 60 g of onion, 100 g of celery, 50 g of tomato paste, 10 g of cheese, 0.5 cloves of garlic, salt, ground pepper, 0.5 teaspoon of marjoram. Chunks of meat are fried on both sides until the appearance of a golden crust in vegetable oil. The meat is removed from the pan, salt. Constantly stirring, stir fry the finely chopped onion, mashed garlic, peeled and finely chopped celery. Add sliced tomatoes, spices, salt and stew under the lid for 5-6 minutes. Meat is poured over the cooked mass and baked in the oven. Shortly before full readiness the dish is sprinkled with grated cheese. Serve hot.

Stuffed cabbage rolls stuffed with vegetables and egg. Whole cabbage leaves are allowed in a small amount of milk until half cooked. Carrots, onions, turnips, white roots are cleaned, chopped and stewed separately in the remaining amount of milk until half cooked. Stuffed cabbage rolls are stuffed with a mixture of stewed vegetables and finely chopped hard-boiled eggs.

Table 1

Energy-reduced diets for obese patients

Diet options number 8 Proteins, g Fat, g Carbohydrates, g Energy value, kcal
Diet number 8o (maximum reduction) 40-50 30-40 50-70 630-840
Diet number 8a (moderate reduction) 70–80 60–70 70–80 1100–1270
Diet number 8 (main diet) 100–110 80–90 120–150 1600–1850
In tab. 1 shows the comparative characteristics of diets reduced by the energy value. The seven-day diet menu for obesity is presented in the appendix.

It is advisable to begin treatment with the appointment of a reduced diet without unduly limiting its energy value. These requirements are met by the basic diet No. 8, which is especially often recommended for use in sanatorium-resort treatment, as well as in outpatient settings.

Diet number 8 provides a good taste of food, a sufficient total amount of food and its high biological value. In the diet include seafood, which contain in large quantities organic iodine and essential amino acids. The low content of carbohydrates in these products allows them to be widely used in the diet of obese patients, when a significant restriction of carbohydrates is needed. A special place in this diet is a complex protein product - belip, consisting of low-fat cottage cheese, cod and vegetable oil. Belip meets the basic requirements for products of the so-called optimal formula. It combines a balanced amino acid composition with a sufficient amount of unsaturated fatty acids and vitamins.

In addition to the main diet, it is advisable to use various fasting days, as well as special protein and fat days, which are built according to the usual for the human diet (breakfast, lunch, dinner, with the inclusion of first and third courses, drinks).

table 2

Approximate one-day diet menu number 8 for obese patients (1635 kcal)

Name of dishes
   Output, g
   Proteins, g
   Fat, g
   Carbohydrates, g
   First breakfast

Calcined cottage cheese
100
13,8
11,1
8,8
   Stewed carrots
200
4,2
11,9
16,4
   Coffee with milk without sugar
200
1,4
1,7
2,2
   Lunch

Salad from fresh cabbage without salt and sour cream
170
2,6
5,6
8,4
Dinner

200
1,8
6,8
9,45
   Boiled meat
90
13,6
8,9
-
   Green peas without oil
50
1,3
0,1
3,4
   Fresh apples
100
0,3
-
11,5
   Afternoon tea

Calcined cottage cheese
100
13,8
11,1
8,8
Dogrose broth
180
-
-
-
Dinner

Boiled fish (pike perch)
100
16
4,6
0,02
Vegetable Stew (1/2 Servings)
125
2,6
6,8
15,2
For the night

Kefir
180
5,0
6,3
8,1
All day

Rye bread
150
8,4
1,65
69,9
Total...

84
76,5
153,3

Principles of therapeutic nutrition for obesity

Come down to the following:
   1. appointment with a low energy value of a reduced diet;
2. limited intake of carbohydrates, especially easily digestible (sugars), being the main supplier of energy and easily transforming into fat in the body;
3. restriction of animal fats by increasing the introduction of vegetable fats(50% of the total amount of fat), considering the property of the latter to activate lipolytic processes in the body;
4. creating a feeling of satiety by assigning low-calorie, but significant in volume food (raw vegetables, fruits, dishes with added methylcellulose, etc.);
5. multiple (up to 6 times a day) meals, eliminating the feeling of hungerand exception
   products that stimulate the appetite (spicy snacks, spices, etc.);
6. for the normalization of water-salt metabolism is necessary limiting salt(up to 5 g) in food and fluid restriction (up to 1 -1.5 l);
7. the use of so-called zigzags in the diet (contrast, fasting days).
   Approximate one-day menu is shown in Table. 2
   List of recommended foods and dishes.

Bread and bakery products. Black bread, protein-wheat, protein-bran - 150 g per day. The amount of bread should be reduced if the body weight is not reduced. Bread contains the highest amount of carbohydrates from all permitted foods in the daily ration (with the exception of sugar, which is strictly dosed), therefore, by systematically determining body weight, reducing or increasing the amount of bread in the diet with a constant amount of other permitted foods, you can reduce body weight or keep it at a constant level after losing weight. Protein bread contains 2 times less carbohydrates compared to regular bread.

Soups Mostly on vegetable broth; 2-3 times a weekon weak meat, fish or mushroom broth (no more than 1/2 plates).

Meat and poultry dishes. Lean beef, 1-2 times in 10 days lean lamb, lean pork, mostly boiled, aspic up to 150 g per day, lean bird, rabbit, diet sausages.

Fish dishes. Low-fat varieties of fish (zander, cod, pike, saffron, carp, etc.) are mainly boiled, jellied, and sometimes fried. Fish can be replaced by meat in the ratio of 1.5: 1.
Average in the daily diet should be at least 400-500 grams of protein foods (meat, fish, cottage cheese). To increase the biological value of the diet in it include mussels, sea cucumbers, scallops, squids and other sea products in canned and natural form.

Dishes and side dishes of vegetables and leafy greens. White cabbage, cauliflower, lettuce, radish, cucumbers, zucchini, tomatoes in raw, boiled and baked dishes Dishes from potatoes, beets, carrots, rutabaga (not more than 200 g per day).

Dishes and garnishes of cereals, legumes and pasta - limited quantities(use occasionally by reducing the amount of bread).

Dishes from eggs. On day 1 is an egg.

Milk, dairy products and dishes from them. Milk, sour milk, kefir, sour cream (1-2 tablespoons per dish)) cottage cheese (mostly fat-free) 100-200 g per day in its natural form or in the form of cottage cheese, cheesecakes, puddings, spicy sorts of cheese.

Fruits, berries, sweets. Sour and sweet-sour varieties of fruits and berries (apples, lemons, oranges, red currants, gooseberries, cranberries, etc.) up to 200 g per day in raw form, in the form of sugar-free compotes.

Sauces and spices. Non-sharp sauces on vegetable, sometimes mushroom broth, meat or fish broth with vinegar, tomato puree, sauces with roots.

Snacks. Salads, vinaigrettes, jellied low-fat fish, low-fat ham.

The drinks. Tea, tea with milk, weak coffee, tomato juice, fruit and berry juices from sour varieties of berries and fruits, alkaline mineral water.
Fat Butter and vegetable oil (40g per day for cooking).

Salt. To add to the dishes 5 g ( food is prepared without salt ).

Forbidden: sweets, chocolate, confectionery, muffins, ice cream and other sweets. Spicy, spicy, smoked and salty snacks and dishes, pepper, horseradish, alcoholic beverages.

Treatment diets with low energy value should be carried out under the control of systematic weighing.

In addition to the basic recommended diet, it is necessary to arrange fasting days periodically, approximately once a week. With a small physical work - meat: 280-350 g of boiled meat without salt, with a vegetable (preferably cabbage) side dish; cottage cheese: 500-600 g of cottage cheese with 2-3 cups of tea or coffee with milk without sugar. On days off from work, apple (1500 g apples), watermelon (1.5-2 kg of watermelon flesh), sour milk or kefir (1.5 l), milk (5-6 glasses). Food is distributed evenly throughout the day for 5 receptions.

However, complete fasting for 1-2 weeks with the use of only alkaline mineral waters cannot be considered an effective method of treating obesity.

When combined with obesity, gout, atherosclerosis, chronic cholangitis, meat and fish broths and internal organs are completely excluded from the diet. Meat and fish are given mainly in boiled form. Instead of meat and fish dishes, you should often enter dishes from lean curd, somewhat limiting the total amount of protein in the diet. If obesity is combined with gastrointestinal diseases (gastritis, colitis), vegetables with coarse fiber are excluded from the diet. Vegetables and greens should be used in boiled and shabby form. Meat, poultry and fish (low-fat varieties) are given boiled or in the form of steam cutlets. Wiped compotes and jelly are recommended.

In stationary conditions, when treating patients with obesity, diet 8 is more widely used, with a reduction in its energy value to 1200–1300 kcal, i.e., diet 8a (Table 3).
Table 3

Approximate one-day diet menu number 8a for obese patients (1200 kcal)

Name of dishes
   Output, g
   Proteins, g
   Fat, g
   Carbohydrates, g
   First breakfast

Boiled meat
90
13,6
8,9
-

150
1,5
9,4
11,7
Coffee with milk without sugar
200
1,4
1,7
2,3
Lunch

Apple is fresh
100
0,3
-
11,5
Dinner

Vegetarian borsch (1/2 servings)
250
2,2
6,85
16,2
   Boiled fish
100
16,0
4,6
0,02
   Cabbage stewed in vegetable oil (1/2 servings)
150
1,6
2,35
5,8
   Compote from apples without sugar
200
0,24
-
9,2
   Afternoon tea

Milk (1 cup)
180
5,0
6,3
8,1
Dinner

Meat roll stuffed with omelette, baked
90
18,4
17,7
13,6
For the night

Kefir (1 cup)
180
5,0
6,3
8,1
Total...

68
64
86,4
If a patient tolerates a diet satisfactorily, this diet is administered as long as weight loss continues. As soon as the reduction of body weight stops, the patient is transferred to a more stringent version of the diet (700-800 kcal) (Table 4).

Table 4

Approximate one-day diet menu number 8o for patients with obesity (839 kcal)

Name of dishes
   Output, g
   Proteins, g
   Fat, g
   Carbohydrates, g
   First breakfast

Vegetable Salad in Vegetable Oil
150
2,5
10,7
7,4
Coffee with milk without sugar
100
-
-
-
Lunch

Fresh apples
100
0,3
-
11,5
Dinner

Vegetarian soup (1/2 servings)
250
1,8
6,8
9,45
Boiled chicken
100
18,9
10,9
-
Afternoon tea

Dogrose broth
180
-
-
-
Dinner

Vegetable Stew (1/2 Servings)
125
2,6
6,8
15,2
For the night

Kefir
180
5,0
6,3
8,1
Total...

53,8
40,9
60,8
Such a reduction is the limit !!! . A further decrease in the energy value of the diet can lead to the development of ketosis and harm health. Given the marked decrease in the amount of protein in this diet, it is prescribed for a short period of time (no more than 2-3 weeks) and only in the hospital.

In the appointment of a diet of low energy value should be guided by the rule - do not start treatment with the most stringent diets. In the first days of treatment, weight loss is particularly intense due to the release of large quantities of fluid. An indicator of the correctness of the treatment regimen should not only be a reduction in body weight, but also an improvement in general well-being associated with it and an increase in neuromuscular and mental tone.

All obese and full-bodied people should give up the habit of resting immediately after eating.

The diet should be observed for a long time, the terms of diet therapy are individual. Only dieting, without increasing physical activity, can not lead to significant weight loss. In addition to therapeutic exercises prescribed by the attending physician, tons scientific patient must walk a lot. In summer, walking can be combined with swimming, cycling, in winter - with skiing and ice skating.

Patients with metabolic-alimentary obesity have moderate vitamin B6 deficiency. Due to the fact that the pyridoxine deficiency is endogenous in nature, it is advisable not only to ensure its adequate supply with food, but also periodically conduct a course of treatment with vitamin B6 in therapeutic doses (50–100 mg per day) for 2–4 weeks on the background of a reduced diet.

To take into account the effectiveness of treatment, it is necessary to monitor not only the dynamics of body weight, but also the biochemical parameters of blood that characterize the patient's lipid metabolism, and therefore treatment should be carried out under the supervision of a physician in a hospital or clinic.

Article V.A. Oleneva from the Handbook of Nutrition. 1992

Observe very strictly!

Duration - 20 days, weight loss 10-12 kg.

!!! Be sure to every day one tablet multivitamin!

!!! You can not:

Drink wine, brandy, lemonade.
There are sugar, biscuits, sweets, white bread, potatoes.

Hungry days during the diet are not repeated, and protein and vegetable alternate.

! Two hungry days: (I HAVE SAID THE HUNGER DAYS ARE NOT NECESSARY, SO WE HAVEN'T FAST FAST)

for the whole day 1 liter of milk or kefir, 1 glass of tomato juice, 2 slices of black bread.

Two protein days:

Morning: 1 cup of coffee with milk without sugar, 1 slice of black bread, 1/2 tsp. oil, 1/2 tsp honey
Dinner: 1 cup of meat or fish broth, a piece of boiled meat or fish 70 / 100g. with two spoons of green peas, 1 slice of black bread.
Tea time: 1 glass of milk or tea, 1/2 tsp. honey
Dinner: 1 slice of boiled meat or fish, 2 slices of lean ham, or 2 eggs, or 50 gr. cheese or 1 cup of kefir with a slice of black bread.

Two vegetable days:

Morning: 2 apples or oranges
Dinner: vegetable soup without sour cream, seasoned with sunflower oil, 1 slice of black bread, salad, or cabbage, or carrot cutlet, all in sunflower oil.
Tea time: fruits
Dinner: salad with a slice of bread and a glass of milk