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Chalazion is a disease that develops due to blockage of the meibomian glands (these are modified sebaceous glands that open near the outer edge of the eyelids). It has the appearance of a dense benign neoplasm with clear contours, rounded shape.
Normally, the meibomian glands produce sebaceous secretion, which moisturizes the cornea and reduces friction between the edges of the eyelids. As a result of blockage of the duct, the secret accumulates and a small rounded tumor grows.
Causes
There are a lot of reasons due to which a chalazion appears:
- Neglect of personal hygiene rules, the habit of touching the eyes with dirty hands (this is the most common cause of chalazion in childhood)
- Decrease in the immune defense of the body caused by acute or long-term chronic diseases (diabetes mellitus, cancer, dysbacteriosis, autoimmune diseases, etc.)
- Prolonged wearing of contact lenses or improper care of them ()
- Imbalance of the psycho-emotional sphere - constant stress, chronic fatigue syndrome, depression, etc.
- General hypothermia, cold
- Dermatological diseases (rosacea, seborrheic dermatitis, etc.)
- A lot of cosmetics on the face, frequent wearing of false eyelashes
- Insufficient intake of vitamins and minerals in the body
- Incorrect or incomplete treatment. Very often, chalazion develops as a complication of barley, especially against the background of reduced immunity.
- Increased production of sebum (may be associated with a disorder of the endocrine system or with the characteristics of the skin of each individual person)
- Chronic (inflammatory process on the edges of the eyelids)
- Sometimes the cause of a chalazion is a malfunction of the biliary system.
The risk group for the development of chalazion is people over 40 years of age. This is due to the fact that at this age a person cares little about cosmetic skin defects and does not notice small tumors.
There are cases when, as a result of the lack of treatment, malignancy of the chalazion occurred - its degeneration into a malignant neoplasm.
How the disease manifests itself
Chalazion can be localized both on the upper and lower eyelids. Sometimes it can occur on two centuries at once. Feels like a small tight knot. Outwardly, it looks like a small protrusion on the eyelid.
At the initial stage, it is easy to confuse it with barley. However, after the first two days, the clinic of the disease changes: the tumor increases in size, becomes painful.
The neoplasm is not soldered to the skin, therefore, it is easily displaced during palpation. The eyelid, on which the chalazion appeared, turns red.
The size of the chalazion varies from a few millimeters to one centimeter. The color is white or slightly greyish. If treatment is not started in time, the formation may fester, which will be clinically manifested by swelling of the mucous membrane, fever, itching, lacrimation, and soreness.
In the process of growth, the chalazion puts pressure on the cornea, which can also cause a decrease in visual acuity. If the chalazion is not opened in time, it will turn into a cyst.
Sometimes several chalazions are formed on one eyelid at once, which tend to merge. Then a large tumor appears. However, most often, multiple formations look like a kind of chain located on the edge of the eyelid.
In some cases, the chalazion spontaneously opens with the release of a purulent plug to the outside and the formation of a fistulous tract. Such an outcome requires urgent provision of qualified assistance.
Chalazion with localization on the upper eyelid
Failure of the meibomian glands of the upper eyelid leads to obturation of the ducts and accumulation of sebaceous secretion in their cavity. Gradually, the gland is stretched and a chalazion is formed.
If an infection additionally joins, inflammation will begin, which will lead to an even greater increase in the gland and its suppuration.
Ointments based on corticosteroids will help get rid of the chalazion at the initial stage.
Allergic reactions, frequent wearing of false eyelashes, non-observance of personal hygiene rules, improper care of contact lenses and other factors can lead to the formation of a chalazion on the upper eyelid.
In order to prevent complications, it is important to consult a specialist in time and start treatment. Various ointments based on corticosteroids, massage, physiotherapy procedures (UHF) will help get rid of the chalazion. If the course of the disease is complicated, then surgical intervention may be required.
Chalazion with localization on the lower eyelid
In the event that the excretory ducts of the sebaceous glands of the lower eyelid are clogged, a chalazion may form on the lower eyelid. This is a small neoplasm, which, in fact, is a modified meibomian gland.
The cause of the appearance of a chalazion in the lower eyelid is most often immunodeficiency, diabetes, frequent colds, as well as neglect of hygiene rules.
If the chalazion is not treated, it can become chronic and recur from time to time.. Therefore, when the first symptoms appear, you should seek help from a specialist. If the process is not started, only local treatment using ointments or drops will suffice.
This pathology is quite common in childhood. This is due to several reasons:
- Children very often rub their eyes with dirty hands and do not always properly monitor personal hygiene.
- It is in childhood that the peak incidence of colds occurs, which significantly affects the strength of immune defense.
Children can have both single and multiple chalazions. If the defect is located closer to the edge of the eyelid, then it is not difficult to detect it, since a visible protrusion appears. If the chalazion is located deeper (closer to the cartilaginous part of the eyelid), then it is difficult to notice it immediately.
For children, frequent opening of the chalazion with the release of the fatty plug to the outside is characteristic. Sometimes the neoplasm degenerates into a cyst.
Parents should be clearly aware that self-medication is strictly prohibited. Self-medication can not only aggravate the situation, but also lead to secondary infection.
The sooner you show the child to an ophthalmologist, the more chances to cure chalazion without surgery
The sooner the child gets an appointment with an ophthalmologist, the more likely it is to get by with conservative therapy and avoid surgery. Usually prescribed disinfectant drops, ointments with corticosteroids, as well as physiotherapy.
As for the operation, it takes place under local anesthesia and takes no more than 20 minutes.
How to treat chalazion yourself
If you managed to detect a chalazion from the first day of its appearance, you can do self-treatment, which includes massage and the use of folk remedies.
Eyelid massage for chalazion
Apply a soft cloth soaked in warm water to the eyelid for 10-15 minutes. Then, for 5 minutes, gently massage the eyelid in a circular motion with your fingertips.
This helps to improve blood flow and, in some cases, restore the patency of the meibomian glands. For a good result, massage should be done at least 5 times a day.
Folk remedies
Conservative treatment of chalazion
If you turn to an ophthalmologist at an early stage of chalazion, you can get by with one conservative treatment. Initially, the doctor will advise laying ointments containing corticosteroids - triamcinolone, dexamethasone and others - over the affected eyelid.
Antibacterial drops must be included in conservative therapy.. The most popular are drugs such as, and. If the chalazion is accompanied by itching, swelling and other discomfort, the doctor may prescribe any anti-allergic drops, for example,.
In the event that these measures do not help, resort to the introduction of steroid drugs directly into the chalazion itself. For this purpose, diprospan and kenalog are most often used. As a rule, after injection, the chalazion gradually resolves.
Additionally, physiotherapy procedures are prescribed - dry heat, UHF, massage.
Radical treatment involves surgical intervention. It is resorted to if conservative therapy does not give tangible results.
The operation is not complicated and is performed, on average, in 15-20 minutes. It is performed under local anesthesia in an outpatient setting.
The neoplasm is removed from the side of the conjunctiva (from the inside of the eyelid), so that no cosmetic defects remain. At the end of the procedure, a corticosteroid ointment is applied over the sore eyelid and a pressure bandage is applied to the eye to prevent conjunctival bleeding.
On the second day, the bandage is removed, the eye is treated with an antiseptic solution.
Re-bandaging is not needed. Over the next ten days, the patient instills antibacterial drops into the eye. There are no lifestyle restrictions associated with the operation.
After removal, the surgical material must be sent for histological examination to make sure that there is no malignant degeneration of cells.
Laser removal of a chalazion
Laser removal of a chalazion is an excellent alternative to surgery
Removing a chalazion with a laser is a great alternative to a scalpel. Nowadays, this method is considered the most effective, as it excludes the occurrence of new relapses and other postoperative complications. In addition, this procedure is practically bloodless.
Manipulation begins with the instillation of drops into the eye, which have an analgesic effect. Then the laser cuts the capsule of the chalazion and removes it. The only restriction after the operation is that you cannot wet your eyes.
Chalazion prevention
A photo
If you suspect that you have a chalazion, we suggest that you familiarize yourself with the photographs of various types of chalazion in different stages of the disease.
Chalazion on the inside of the eyelid (from the side of the conjunctiva) 
Chalazion localized on the upper eyelid: 
Spontaneously opened chalazion: 
Video of chalazion development
The eye is a complex system, even minor disturbances in the work of which lead to a decrease in acuity and complete loss of vision. Modern ophthalmology successfully treats many eye diseases in humans. The list of diseases is quite large, and the main condition for effective treatment is timely seeking help.
Signs of pathology of the organs of vision
Many eye diseases have similar symptoms, so you should not try to diagnose and prescribe treatment yourself, if the following symptoms appear, you should seek medical help:
- The appearance of redness;
- Suppuration of the eye or tissues surrounding it;
- Decreased visual acuity;
- Sensation of sand in the eyes;
- Increased intraocular pressure;
- blurred vision;
- Dots and flies before the eyes;
- Puffiness of the eyelids;
- Increased lacrimation, lacrimation;
- dry eyes;
- Photophobia;
- Sensation of the presence of a foreign body in the eye.
Retinal pathologies
The inner layer of the eye that receives light is the retina. Light receptors are located on it, it is this shell that is responsible for the formation of a visual image and the transmission of nerve impulses to the brain. A sharp decrease in visual acuity is the main symptom of retinal diseases.
Retinitis
Inflammation of the retina, which can be caused by:
- eye injury;
- Allergic reaction;
- infectious diseases;
- radioactive exposure;
- Endocrine and metabolic disorders.
In addition to the already mentioned sharp decrease in visual acuity, the ophthalmologist diagnoses hemorrhages and retinal edema, local light-colored opacities in the fundus.
Retinitis is treated with the help of electrical and magnetic stimulation, in severe cases, they resort to vasoreconstructive operations - the redistribution of blood flow in the eyeball.
Retinal detachment
Due to the increased tension of the retina (most often age-related), a rupture occurs, leading to detachment. The sharpness of the picture is lost, before the eyes - a veil, broken through by bright single flashes. The disease is treated surgically.
retinopathy
As a result of trauma, retinal detachment, with progressive severe myopia or during the complication of diabetes mellitus, retinopathy develops. The disease is characterized by the formation of a macular fold in the vitreous body.
The image is distorted, loses clarity, doubles. The method of treatment of the disease is a surgical intervention, during which the neoplasm is removed.
Angiopathy
As a result of a violation of the innervation of the blood vessels of the retina, angiopathy develops - a change in the blood vessels. The inflow and outflow of blood is difficult, which leads to retinal dystrophy. Vision loses its sharpness, myopia appears, fog in the eyes, blood comes from the nose.
Retinal angiopathy is the result of the progression of diseases of the cardiovascular system and requires complex treatment.
Corneal diseases
The cornea is the transparent outer layer of the eye through which light passes.
Anomalies of development
Intrauterine disorders associated with abnormal formation of the cornea in the embryo are manifested not only by a decrease (loss) of visual acuity, but also by pain, discomfort, and tearing of the eyes.
Congenital anomalies are associated with genetic factors, the impact of external adverse conditions, as a result of which the structure and pigmentation of the membrane changes. Acquired anomalies are the result of cataracts in the eye.
Treatment is exclusively surgical.
Keratitis - inflammation of the cornea
The disease is manifested by pain and discomfort in the eyes, vision is reduced, sharpness is lost. Small ulcers may appear on the outer shell of the eye.
The causes of inflammation of the sclera can be bacterial or viral in nature (the herpes virus is especially dangerous), injuries serve as an impetus, and keratitis can also become an adverse reaction to taking psychotropic drugs.
Medical treatment aimed at eliminating not only the symptoms (eye drops, injections), but also the cause of the disease (antiviral, antibacterial therapy).
Corneal dystrophy
The name combines a large number of pathologies associated with dysfunction of the inner layer of the cornea. All of them are manifested by pain and redness of the eyes, photophobia, lacrimation, swelling of the cornea and visual impairment.
The cause of dystrophy is a genetic predisposition. Dystrophies are treated with a minimally invasive intervention - crosslinking, changing the structure of collagen fibers.
Pathologies of the eyelids
Movable skin folds, lined from the inside with epithelium, protect the eyes from the adverse effects of external factors - litter, bright light, water, chemicals, moisturize in a timely manner, preventing the cornea from drying out.
Eyelids account for approximately one tenth of eye diseases. Some of them are associated with incorrect formation of the eyelid, the inability to fully open or close the eye, pathological growth of eyelashes inward, inflammation along the ciliary edge. However, the following are much more common:
- Puffiness of the eyelids associated with a violation of the water-salt balance. The cause is kidney disease, heart disease, endocrine disorders. The eyelids turn red, swell, hang over the eye, interfere with looking, the eyes do not open well. In this case, it is not necessary to treat the symptom (edema), but the cause. First of all, normalize the daily routine, give up salt, control the amount of fluid you drink.
- Barley is an inflammation of the bulb or sebaceous gland of the eyelash, which can be caused by a bacterial infection, prolonged hypothermia, decreased immunity, impaired eye hygiene, beriberi. Barley is manifested by a purulent formation on the edge of the eyelid, edematous, inflamed, festering. Treatment requires hygiene, treatment with disinfectant antiseptic solutions (for example, furatsilin, tea leaves, chamomile). In some cases, barley is opened surgically.
Diseases of the sclera
The sclera is the outer dense albuginea, which is needed to protect the eye and is its frame.
episcleritis
Inflammation of the connective tissue membranes of the eye. It can be provoked by viral, chronic and systemic diseases, but quite often it has no underlying reason.
The main symptom is pain on palpation. Drug therapy involves the use of drops to moisturize the eyes, anti-inflammatory drugs.
Sclerite
Inflammatory processes in the sclera of the eye, which were caused by concomitant diseases - rheumatoid arthritis, lupus erythematosus, ankylosing spondylitis. There is a decrease in visual acuity, photophobia, severe dull pain in the sclera, swelling, redness. Anti-inflammatory therapy includes the use of steroid and non-steroid drugs, in some cases, donor tissue transplantation is required.
Sclerokeratitis
Complication of scleritis, characterized by the appearance of infiltrated inflammation. The condition worsens, the eyes are very sore, watery, vision is falling. The only treatment is surgery.
Diseases of the optic nerve
Neuritis
A complication of multiple sclerosis, loss of the lipid membrane of the nerve becomes its inflammation - neuritis. The disease is accompanied by a deterioration in well-being, headaches and painful sensations when moving the eyes, the viewing radius narrows, “blind” spots appear, and color perception is lost.
As a rule, the treatment is conservative, it consists in the appointment of anti-inflammatory drugs, drops, steroid drugs.
neuropathy
As a result of external factors, diseases of the cardiovascular system, under the influence of hereditary predisposition, damage to the optic nerve occurs. The patient feels pain when moving his eyes, loses the ability to distinguish colors.
The ophthalmologist prescribes anti-inflammatory therapy.
Pathologies of the oculomotor apparatus
Ophthalmoplegia
Damage to the nerves that innervate the eye muscles leads to paralysis and impaired eye mobility. Since ophthalmoplegia is only a manifestation of a number of disorders, it is necessary to treat the disease that caused the pathology.
Strabismus
As a result of improper operation of the eye muscle (or muscle group), the eyes acquire a pathological position - the pupils deviate towards the nose or diverge towards the temples, the eyes are squinted, the head involuntarily tilts, turns, vision is impaired.
Treatment is expected to be both conservative and surgical.
nystagmus
Involuntary frequent eye movements are called nystagmus and occur as a result of lesions (pathologies) of the brain, severely reduced vision and exposure to toxic (narcotic) substances.
Treatment consists of a combination of exercise and medication.
refraction disorders
Incorrect refraction of the light beam leads to a shift in the image on the retina. There are several types of violations.
Myopia
A visual impairment in which a person sees close objects well, and objects that are far away are blurred, clouded.
Additional symptoms are fatigue and headaches. Myopia is corrected by wearing glasses and contact lenses, as well as by surgical methods.
farsightedness
In contrast to nearsightedness, farsightedness makes distant objects clearly visible, and near vision is difficult. This is due to insufficiency of the lens and cornea, combined with a small length of the eye in the anterior-posterior direction.
Eyes quickly get tired, intraocular and intracranial pressure increases. Farsightedness requires fitting contact lenses or glasses. It is possible to correct the defect surgically.
Astigmatism
The pathological shape of the cornea leads to incorrect image formation on the retina, loss of clarity, and rapid eye fatigue. Quite often, astigmatism is a congenital problem that can be corrected with glasses, lenses, or surgery.
Anisometropia
In some people, the refraction of the right and left eyes differ. The reason for this may be a genetic predisposition, the result of an unsuccessful eye operation, a cataract. Since the image in the eyes is formed in different ways, visual acuity decreases, the eyes get tired quickly, especially with high visual load.
If lenses and glasses do not give the desired result, laser correction is used in ophthalmology.
Pathologies of the conjunctiva
The cause of inflammation of the conjunctiva is most often infections, injuries or foreign bodies in the eye.
Trachoma
Chlamydia of the connective membranes of the eye is manifested by severe acute inflammation. It is treated conservatively - using ointments and gels with antibiotics, in some cases surgical intervention is required.
pterygium
The growth of the conjunctiva, which has a conditionally triangular shape, in the direction from the inner corner of the eye to the center. Formed under the influence of ultraviolet rays. Treatment - corticosteroid drugs, moisturizing drops, gels. If necessary, surgery.
Pathology of the iris
Iridocyclitis
Inflammation of the iris can be caused by infection with protozoa, bacterial and viral infections, and chronic diseases. Visual acuity decreases, the eye turns red, watery, itchy, gets tired quickly.
Prescribed drugs aimed at the destruction of the causative agent of the disease and the elimination of symptoms.
Polycoria
We are talking about the pathology of intrauterine development, in which two pupils are formed in one iris. Pathology is clearly visible visually and is eliminated only by eye plastic surgery.
Aniridia
A pathology in which the iris does not form at all during fetal development. It is not treated and is not surgically eliminated.
Other eye diseases
- Disorders associated with the lacrimal ducts - obstruction of the channels, neoplasms. They are treated surgically.
- Chronic and acute diseases of the tissues of the orbit. Manifested by swelling, swelling, pain, redness of the eyes, they are treated by eliminating or stopping inflammatory processes.
- Infectious diseases - phlegmon (purulent inflammation of the retina and other tissues), periostitis (inflammation of the bone tissue of the orbit), inflammation of the optic nerve, choroiditis (inflammation of the choroid) are extremely dangerous. They threaten with loss of vision and require immediate medical attention.
To prevent violations, ophthalmologists recommend observing eye hygiene, alternating work and rest, getting enough sleep and trying to avoid visual fatigue. Preventive examinations should be carried out at least once a year, and if unpleasant symptoms occur, consult a doctor.
Chalazion is a pathology of the eyelid in which a cyst filled with a secret is formed in the thickness of the eyelid at the site of the Meibomian gland.
Anatomy of the century
The eyelid is an appendage of the eye that performs the function of mechanical protection of the eye in the form of flaps. However, the function of the eyelids is not only the mechanical protection of the eye from aggressive environmental factors. The eyelids contain lacrimal openings and tubules through which tears flow from the eye into the nasal cavity.In the inner part of the eyelid there are lacrimal glands and excretory ducts of the main lacrimal gland. The eyelids have the function of distributing tears on the surface of the eye - every time we blink, the edge of the eyelid evenly distributes the tear over the surface of the eye. The eyelids contain special glands that produce a fatty secret (Meibomian glands), which covers the surface of the eye with a thin film and prevents the tear from drying out quickly.
- The outside of the eyelid is covered with skin
- Under the skin, the thickness of the eyelid contains a cartilaginous plate and a muscular layer.
- The margin of the eyelid contains the hair follicles and excretory ducts of the Meibomian glands.
- Meibomian glands are located perpendicular to the edge of the eyelid in one row in the thickness of the cartilaginous plate.
- The inner surface (in contact with the mucous membrane of the eyeball itself) is lined with mucous membrane (conjunctiva of the eyelid).
- Eyelid glands: Meibomian glands - these tubular glands are located perpendicular to the edge of the eyelid. They produce a fatty secret that covers the surface of the eye moistened with tears.
- Lacrimal glands - the conjunctiva of the eyelid contains cells on its surface that produce tears, constantly providing moisture to the eye.
- Eyelashes - Each eyelash originates in the hair follicle. At the base of each eyelash, ducts of fatty hair glands open. With inflammation of this sac or hair follicle, barley occurs.
Causes of a chalazion
1. Secretion of a thick secret. The main reason for the occurrence of chalazion and frequent relapses of this disease is the formation of a thick secret by the gland itself. The thick secret produced is not removed from the gland in a timely manner, which leads to blockage of the excretory duct. With such a blockage, all the secretion produced by the gland accumulates in the gland itself. With a significant accumulation of secret around the affected gland, a dense capsule is formed - a cyst is formed. When the capsule is destroyed or when an infection penetrates into it, inflammation occurs with the formation of an abscess of the eyelid. The reasons for the formation of a thick secret are not currently established with certainty, however, it is noted that this pathology is often combined with diseases of the digestive system: gastritis, pancreatitis, enterocolitis.
2. Frequent inflammation of the edge of the eyelids- the most common inflammations: blepharitis, barley, demodicosis of the eyelids, trauma to the eyelids with contact lenses, false eyelashes, cosmetics, frequent clogging of the eyes.
3. Allergic inflammation: seborrheic blepharitis, hay fever, allergic conjunctivitis.
Symptoms of a chalazion
The symptoms of a chalazion depend on the stage of the disease, on the size of the cyst itself.| Stages of a chalazion | Description of symptoms | What does it look like? |
| Cyst formation | In the initial stages, the formation of a chalazion may not be noticed by the patient - by chance, he may find a millet-sized seal in the thickness of the eyelid. |  |
| Cyst growth |
|   |
| Chalazion inflammation |
|  |
| Resorption of the chalazion | More often, against the background of anti-inflammatory timely (not the initial stage of cyst formation) treatment and local heating of the eyelid, the chalazion spontaneously resolves. |  |
Chalazion treatment
| | Chalazion stage at which treatment is effective | The purpose of the prescribed treatment | How is the treatment done? |
| Eyelid massage | This procedure is prescribed for the prevention of chalazion or at the stage of chalazion formation. | Mechanical removal of the thick secretion of the Meibomian gland | It is performed by an ophthalmologist using a slit lamp (microscope for examining the eyes). Mechanical compression of the eyelids with movement from the periphery to the edge of the eyelid. |
| Anti-inflammatory treatment | Reduce the activity of immune cells that form a capsule around the affected gland. | Ointment use: Locally, the skin and mucous membrane of the eyelid in the area of the chalazion is lubricated with dexamethasone or hydrocortisone eye ointment. Course of treatment: 5-7 days. Drug injections anti-inflammatory steroid drug in the area of the chalazion:
|
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| Physiotherapy | The stage of cyst formation and growth, when the size of the cyst does not exceed 4 mm. in diameter. | Improve blood circulation in the area of the chalazion for the speedy resorption of the formed cyst. |
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| Surgical removal | The stage of cyst growth (when its size exceeds 5 mm in diameter). Infectious inflammation of the chalazion. | Surgical removal of the contents of the cyst. Partial removal of the secreting capsule and cauterization of the remaining iodine solution 5%. | The operation is performed by an ophthalmologist under local anesthesia (an injection of 2% or 4% lidocaine solution). The main stages of the operation can be seen in the video below. |
What are the causes of chalazion development?
The reasons for the development of chalazion are not fully understood. However, doctors are unanimous in their opinion that the disease always develops against the background of a weakening of general or local immunity.Reasons for the development of chalazion
Often, the development of the disease is preceded by events that depress the immune system: infections, injuries, hypothermia, stress, disruption of the endocrine glands.
What tests should be done for chalazion?
Usually, an examination is enough to diagnose the disease. The ophthalmologist prescribes tests for chalazion if the patient has relapses or multiple cysts on the eyelids. In this case, it is necessary to find out which disease reduces immunity and provokes the development of chalazion.| Study | What is the purpose for which |
| Screening immunogram | Allows you to determine the quantity and quality of the cells of the immune system and immunoglobulins that provide protection against infections. With a decrease in the immune status, even microorganisms that are part of the normal microflora of the skin can cause the development of a chalazion. |
| Culture for staphylococcus aureus | A smear from the conjunctiva reveals staphylococcus aureus, which is often the cause of a purulent infection. |
| Skin scraping and examination of eyelashes for mites (demodex) | To detect a tick in the laboratory, material is collected: 4-6 eyelashes from each eye, skin particles, acne contents (papules and vesicles). |
| Blood test for Helicobacter pylori | An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of blood for antibodies to Helicobacter pylori is carried out. If these immunoglobulins are found in the blood, then bacteria of this type are present in the human stomach and duodenum. They provoke intoxication and a decrease in immunity, which manifests itself in numerous or recurrent chalazions. |
| Testing for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) | Do a scraping of the mucous membrane of the genital organs and urethra to identify pathogens of chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis and trichomoniasis. These infections, which are often hidden and asymptomatic, can significantly weaken the body and provoke the appearance of a chalazion. |
| Analysis of feces for worm eggs (helminths) | Worm infestation disrupts digestion, absorption of vitamins and, as a result, reduces immunity, leading to the development of inflammation in different parts of the body. |
| General blood analysis | An increase in the level of leukocytes and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate indicates inflammation. |
| Blood chemistry | Allows you to judge the state of the body and the functioning of its organs. Significant deviations from the norm indicate diseases of the internal organs. |
| Blood sugar test | An elevated blood glucose level indicates diabetes mellitus, which is often accompanied by disruption of the peripheral vessels. Against the background of poor blood circulation, foci of inflammation develop. |
| Bacteriological blood culture for sterility | Detection in the blood of pathogenic and conditionally pathogenic microorganisms that can cause inflammation of the gland. |
In chronic and recurrent chalazion, consultation with an immunologist, dermatologist and infectious disease specialist is necessary. After the discovery of the underlying disease and its treatment, the problem with chalazions disappears by itself, and the resulting foci resolve.
How to treat chalazion folk methods?
Treatment of chalazion with folk methods is more effective at the initial stage, when the gland is filled with a secret, but there is still no inflammation in it.
The treatment regimen has proven its effectiveness:
- Warming up the century 3-4 times a day with heated salt, flaxseed, boiled egg.
- Massage with honey: each time after warming up, apply a drop of honey on the bulge and massage for 1 minute.
- aloe leaf cut, apply the pulp to the eyelid for 15 minutes, 3 times a day.
- Hydrocortisone eye ointment(has contraindications!) lay behind the lower eyelid at night. It can be used in adults for no more than 10 days, in children no more than 7 days.
Is surgery necessary for chalazion?
Surgery for chalazion is prescribed only in advanced cases. Most people manage to get rid of it with the help of conservative treatment (medication + UHF or steroid injections).Indications for surgery for chalazion:
- It is impossible to cure chalazion with conservative methods;
- Large chalazion. It compresses the tissues of the eye, causes visual impairment and spoils the appearance of the patient;
- Suspicion of a tumor of the eyelid.
- Inflammation of the chalazion or surrounding tissues of the eye;
- Recent infections.
Mostly, the cyst is removed from the inside of the eyelid, making an incision through the conjunctiva.
- Anesthesia - an anesthetic is injected under the skin;
- The chalazion area is clamped with special fenestrated tweezers;
- The neoplasm is removed along with the capsule;
- Cauterized with tincture of iodine;
- Stitches are applied;
- The affected eye is fixed with a tight bandage for a day to prevent the formation of a hematoma (bruising and swelling).
- Relapses - the appearance of a chalazion in another place;
- Hematomas - swelling and hemorrhage in the tissues of the eyelid;
- Swelling at the site of the removed gland due to the growth of connective tissue inside the eyelid.
Laser removal is bloodless and less traumatic. With laser removal, the vessels are sealed under the influence of high temperatures, so there is no danger of developing a hematoma or infection. The procedure takes less than 15 minutes:
1.
Anesthesia of the affected eyelid - an anesthetic injection.
2.
Evaporation of the upper layer of the conjunctiva over the chalazion.
3.
Opening the capsule and evaporating its contents.
4.
Removal of the capsule itself.
5.
Seams are not applied.
6.
It is recommended to wear a soft contact lens for 3-7 days so as not to injure the cornea with a postoperative scar.
How to treat chalazion at home?
You can treat chalazion at home, but it is advisable to do this after consulting an ophthalmologist.Treatment methods depend on the stage of the disease
1. In the early stages you can easily stop the growth of the cyst with corticosteroid ointments. If the chalazion does not exceed 4 mm, then with proper treatment it will resolve without a trace.
- warming up. Only dry heat is shown, so do not use wipes soaked in warm water. Heat helps open the clogged duct and expel the secret out. It also improves blood circulation, which contributes to the resorption of the capsule. Warming up is done 4-6 times a day for 10-15 minutes.
- boiled egg;
- Warmed cereals in a linen bag;
- Blue lamp.
- Massage. Eliminates blockage of the gland, stimulates the removal of the contents of the cyst through the duct and its cleansing. The affected eyelid is massaged with a finger after each warming up for 1-2 minutes. The chalazion area is massaged with light rotational movements towards the eyelashes.
- Drops Floksal(2-4 times a day) + hydrocortisone ointment(contains corticosteroids) for a month 2 times a day. Course 10 days.
- Tobrex: 1-2 drops 3 times a day - 7 days, + yellow-mercury ointment 2 times a day - 10 days.
2. In the later stages. If the chalazion is inflamed and there is pus in it, then a treatment is prescribed that contributes to the speedy breakthrough of the gland capsule and the natural removal of pus.
- Chilled baked onions. Cut the onion in half and bake in the oven until black. Cool, cut off a piece of suitable size and fix it on the affected eyelid with a band-aid. Leave overnight.
- Ichthyol ointment accelerates maturation. It is gently applied to the eyelid 2-3 times a day, avoiding contact with the eye.
- 1% tetracycline or erythromycin ointment Antibiotics prevent the spread of infection . A strip of ointment 1 cm long is carefully placed behind the lower eyelid 3-4 times a day. Additionally lubricate the chalazion from the outside.
- Ciprofloxacin eye drops containing an antibiotic, have a powerful antibacterial effect. 1 drop every 4 hours.
- Taking sulfonamides (Biseptol) after consulting a doctor with an increase in temperature.
- Albucid, Tsipromed - antimicrobial drops. Use 4-8 times a day.
- Antibacterial eye ointments: chloramphenicol, tetracycline, erythromycin. Laying for the lower eyelid 1 cm 3 times a day.
- Sanitation of all foci of infection(caries, tonsillitis, sinusitis). Identification and treatment of chronic diseases that weaken the immune system.
- Compliance with the daily routine- sufficient rest and systematic physical activity to improve blood circulation and strengthen immunity.
- Stress avoidance that impair blood circulation and the functioning of the nervous system.
- Regular multivitamin intake, especially B vitamins, which stop the development of staphylococcus aureus.
- Washing with boiled water, since chlorinated can cause allergies and make the eyelids susceptible to infection.
- Using hypoallergenic neutral soap. Some experts advise tar. Birch tar destroys bacteria and mites.
- Sleep on a synthetic pillow, since feather and downy often have dust mites. They can cause irritation and inflammation of the sensitive skin of the eyelids.
- Dieting. Reduce your sugar intake, as high blood glucose contributes to inflammation. Refuse products containing artificial colors and flavor enhancers that cause allergies.
- Physostigmine 0.25% eye drops: lubricate the edges of the eyelids 2-3 times a week. This drug based on anticholinesterase substances causes contraction of the orbicular muscle of the eye. In this case, the glands are compressed and cleansed in a natural way.
- Daily eyelid massage to stimulate the cleansing of the cavity of the gland. Can be used for massage Blefarogel 2, which contains sulfur and hyaluronic acid. It helps to cleanse the excretory ducts of the glands, improves blood circulation and metabolic processes in the ciliary part of the eyelids. The product is applied to the fingertips and the eyelids are massaged with soft circular movements for 1-2 minutes, in the morning and in the evening.
Definition of a chalazion
Chalazion (hailstone) - swelling of the eyelid caused by blockage of the sebaceous (meibomian) gland and the accumulation of fluid in it. It can appear on the eyelids of both eyes, often visually resembles barley, but its difference is in the chronic course. This pathology is observed in adults and children. The meibomian glands are branched sebaceous glands located deep in the cartilage of the upper and lower eyelids. These are the excretory ducts that open at the lash line.
During normal functional activity, they produce a fatty secretion that moisturizes the tear film and lubricates the corneas and the edges of the eyelids, reducing friction between the edge of the eyelids and the anterior surface of the eye during blinking. Blockage leads to the fact that a fatty secret accumulates in the duct, the gland increases in size and a capsule forms.
If the chalazion does not open and bothers a person for a long period, then a cyst may form, which is very dangerous for the body. Basically, the pathology develops slowly. The first sign - a swollen eyelid becomes noticeable after 2 weeks. Basically, chalazion is distinguished by a benign chronic course. The disease can manifest itself even after the end of treatment.
Causes of a chalazion
Chalazion develops during hypothermia, this happens in winter, after swimming in the cold water of the pool, etc. Blockage of the gland is a consequence of barley or. The reasons for the changes include a decrease in immunity, the presence of colds, non-compliance with personal hygiene.
Wearing contact lenses provokes clogging of the gland. There are many causes of the disease, it is believed that increased oiliness of the skin, disruption of the gastrointestinal tract, chronic or, biliary dyskinesia and changes in hormonal levels lead to inflammation.
Symptoms of a chalazion
Chalazion is manifested by painful sensations from touching the eyelid, local redness in the conjunctiva zone. The acute period may be characterized by suppuration, excessive tissue growth (granulation), reddening of the skin of the eyelids, spontaneous opening and discharge of pus through the fistula.
The decrease in vision does not depend on the disease, but with a large size, the bump has a mechanical effect on the cornea and this can affect vision and the development of astigmatism in the eyes. The course of the disease is accompanied only by the appearance of a rounded formation at the edge of the upper or lower eyelid.
Types of chalazion
Clinically, the chalazion of the lower or upper eyelid appears as a limited swelling, which becomes more noticeable over time in the cartilage tissue of the eyelid. Sometimes the chalazion affecting the lower eyelid is extended towards the conjunctiva. The skin in the area of the blockage remains unchanged.
The tumor may not progress in growth, then its independent resorption is possible. If it increases in volume, it will accordingly touch the conjunctiva and lead to the appearance of a mushroom-like granuloma.
Diagnosis and treatment of chalazion
Chalazion is diagnosed without instruments and tests, during a visual examination of the eyelids by a doctor. Typically, patients complain of the appearance of a formation in the form of a ball, redness of the eyelid, and infrequent blinking movements. Treatment of a chalazion should begin as soon as it is discovered. An early visit to the doctor allows you to exclude surgical intervention.
Initial lesions can be treated at home after consulting a doctor. Treatment at home is limited to the use of dry, warm compresses and light eyelid massage. In a polyclinic - UHF therapy.
But if there are symptoms of inflammation, heat treatment is strictly prohibited, since an abscess or phlegmon of the eyelid may develop, requiring urgent medical attention. The appointment of procedures and drugs is carried out depending on the severity of pathological changes. Early chalazion development is treated with eye drops and yellow mercury eye ointment.
A later stage of the disease requires the use of resorbable corticosteroid injections. They are injected with a thin needle into the cavity of the formed capsule. Antibacterial and disinfectant ointments and drops, such as sodium sulfacyl, ofloxacin, hydrocortisone, dexamethasone, levofloxacin, tetracycline ointment, are distinguished among the quick help tools.
Ointments, for example, maxitrol, which, in addition to the antibiotic, contain a steroidal anti-inflammatory substance, are noted for their excellent action. In the absence of the effect of therapeutic methods, an operation is performed to remove the chalazion. The operation is performed under local anesthesia and takes only 15-20 minutes. The chalazion is opened from the side of the skin, at the end 1-2 sutures are applied or from the side of the conjunctiva.
After surgical manipulations, a pressure bandage is applied to the eye for 5-7 days. Drops or ointment are applied daily for 7 days to relieve inflammation. In the case of a fistula, an incision is made along its course, and the transformed tissues are incised, after which sutures are applied. In case of recurrence of the disease at the site of surgery, the tissue is taken for examination in order to exclude a malignant formation in the meibomian gland. In the process of treatment, it is necessary to identify concomitant diseases that contribute to the development of this pathology.
Chalazion prevention
Remember that chalazion can cause changes in the appearance of the face. The resulting defect under or above the eyelid interferes with the normal function of the eyelid and, moreover, does not look attractive. Compliance with hygiene, the use of seasonal clothing that protects against hypothermia, swimming in water with an acceptable temperature, the use of vitamins is the key to eye health.
Expert editor: Mochalov Pavel Alexandrovich| MD therapist
Education: Moscow Medical Institute. I. M. Sechenov, specialty - "Medicine" in 1991, in 1993 "Occupational diseases", in 1996 "Therapy".
Chalazion - differences from barley and treatment depending on the stage
Various seals on the eyelids not only cause cosmetic discomfort, but can also adversely affect vision. Unlike - purulent inflammation of the sebaceous gland or hair follicle located along the edge of the eyelid - chalazion occurs in deeper layers and requires surgical intervention with a long course.
Chalazion does not disappear on its own and without treatment is constantly progressing. That is why the treatment of chalazion should be started as early as possible. This approach will help to avoid contacting an ophthalmologist surgeon.
Chalazion - what is it? A photo
Chalazion of the lower eyelid, photo of the initial stage
photo 2 cyst formation on the lower eyelid
Chalazion is a chronic inflammation of the meibomian gland caused by blockage of its outlet and accumulation of secretion in the thickness of the eyelid. In the people, a chalazion is called a hailstone on the eye. Pathology is formed on both the lower and upper eyelids at any age.
Most often, the disease is diagnosed in children and the elderly. The resulting rounded seal with initial signs of inflammation (hyperemia, slight pain on palpation) slowly increases in size from a millet grain to a pea with a diameter of 6 mm. The hailstone is not soldered to the surrounding tissues, the skin above it is mobile.
Chalazion may indicate a lack of immune defense (frequent colds, chronic foci of infection) or malfunction of the sebaceous glands (often diagnosed in people with oily skin seborrhea).
The occurrence of hailstones on the eyelid is often associated with hypothermia, stress, chronic pathology of the gastrointestinal tract: biliary dyskinesia, gastritis, dysbacteriosis, enterocolitis. It is also possible the formation of a chalazion against the background of the frequent appearance of barley on the eye and allergic conjunctivitis.
Non-compliance with hygiene rules, especially when wearing contact lenses, excessive use of cosmetics and frequent sticking of false eyelashes can also provoke the development of meibomian gland cysts.
How to distinguish chalazion from barley?
Initially, the chalazion on the eyelid is similar to barley. However, there are some differences in the course of these diseases:
- Barley is an acute purulent process. A chalazion is a chronic accumulation of secretions from the meibomian glands with a possible (not obligatory!) infection. Signs of inflammation in hailstones are less pronounced.
- Barley is located directly along the edge of the eyelid, the seal of the chalazion is in the thickness of the cartilage of the eyelid.
- With chalazion, the initial signs of inflammation are minimized, and only a dense pea that gradually increases in size remains on the eyelid.
- Barley quickly passes into the stage of suppuration with the formation of a purulent head and its subsequent opening. With prolonged development of hailstones, a capsule is formed, and even when the sebaceous secretion is removed from the cyst, the process of its accumulation is repeated again.
- Barley in most cases resolves on its own within a few days. Effective treatment of chalazion of the lower and upper eyelids requires medical intervention.
Chalazion symptoms - characteristic signs
The accumulation of sebaceous secretion in the thickness of the eyelid for 2-3 weeks does not give any external changes and complaints from the patient. Only after that, a hailstone forms on the eyelid, and the disease goes through the following stages:
accumulation of secretions from the meibomian glands
Gradually, swelling of the eyelid and its slight hyperemia appear. Under the skin in the center of the swelling, you can feel a small dense grain, it may cause mild pain when it is probed.
On the inner side of the eyelid, hyperemia with a gray center is found. At this stage, effective drug treatment of the chalazion of the lower eyelid leads to the resorption of the accumulation of secretions.
Cyst formation
Over time, the redness almost disappears, some swelling of the eyelid may remain. Such extinction of signs of inflammation indicates the formation of a capsule around the accumulated secret. IN
in this state, the chalazion can remain for quite a long time, only gradually increasing in size. Having reached a large diameter, the cyst lifts the eyelid and presses on the eyeball, provoking astigmatism and deformation of the visual field.
Suppuration
When an infection enters the cyst, a violent inflammatory reaction begins: severe swelling and redness, quite severe pain. Sometimes the body temperature rises.
Spontaneous breakthrough of the cyst is possible with the release of a festering secret mixed with blood, and the formation of a fistula. Rupture of cystic formation does not mean recovery.
At this stage, it is impossible to completely cure a chalazion without surgery.
Chalazion in a child - features
Chalazion on the eye of a child, photo
The prevalence of hailstone disease on the eyelid in a child is associated with weak immunity and poor hygiene. Rubbing the eyes with unwashed hands leads to rapid suppuration of the cyst.
A noteworthy fact: a chalazion of the eyelid in a child often occurs with farsightedness. And although relapses of hailstones on the eye in children are extremely rare, visual impairment should be treated in a timely manner by wearing glasses and special exercises.
Self-treatment of chalazion in the eye of a child Absolutely forbidden! Compresses and other thermal procedures can only accelerate suppuration and contribute to the spread of infection to surrounding tissues. The inclusion of immuno-strengthening drugs and physiotherapy in the treatment regimen will prevent the reappearance of hailstones on the eye.
Age-related features - narrow outlet ducts of the meibomian glands and insufficient tone of the smooth muscles of the eyelid - are perfectly eliminated by a special massage.
Everything you wanted to know about the vision of newborns, norms and pathologies, the development of the baby's vision, possible eye problems and ways to solve them:
Chalazion treatment - removal and preparations
Only sometimes, at the initial stage of the chalazion, when the cyst has not yet formed, it is possible to independently eliminate the blockage of the excretory duct of the gland. In most cases, medical assistance is needed: medication or surgery. The method of treatment of chalazion on the eye depends on the stage of the pathological process.
Therapeutic tactics at an early stage:
- Dry heat - anti-inflammatory herbal compresses (eg, chamomile, calendula, marshmallow) are ideal. Heat helps to relax the smooth muscles of the eyelid and the outflow of the accumulated secret.
- Massage - with light circular movements upwards (with hailstones on the lower eyelid) and downwards (in the treatment of chalazion on the upper eyelid), the blockage of the excretory duct is eliminated. Massage is best done after a thermal procedure.
- Home methods of treatment - it is permissible to warm the chalazion with folk remedies: applying a boiled egg or baked onion, dried figs brewed in milk. Aloe juice and Kalanchoe (home plant doctor) have a softening and anti-inflammatory effect. Do not apply too hot products, use dry heat with signs of inflammation!
Only these measures, without drug treatment, are able to eliminate only a small hailstone that has appeared.
Treatment of chalazion with drug therapy:
- Antiseptic and anti-inflammatory drugs - drops (Sulfacyl sodium, Ofloxacin) and ointments (Tetracycline) - prevent hailstone infection and effectively fight inflammation that has already developed. Antibacterial treatment is mandatory before opening a festering chalazion.
- Corticosteroids - Kenalog is used to prevent the formation of a fibrous capsule and level inflammation. A hormonal agent is injected into the cystic cavity with a thin needle. Corticosteroids, even when used locally, are prescribed with great caution to children!
Surgical treatment of a chalazion of the upper / lower eyelid is indicated in the absence of the result of conservative therapy of a large chalazion and frequent relapses, accompanied by suppuration of the cyst. There are two main methods of surgical removal of hailstones on the eyelid in clinics:
Traditional operation
The seal, together with the fibrous capsule, is excised through a mini-incision on the skin or the inner surface of the eyelid. It is very important to complete curettage (curettage) of the capsule and excision of the fistulous tract in order to avoid re-formation of the cyst.
Surgery is performed on an outpatient basis, under local anesthesia and takes no more than 20 minutes.
After removal of the chalazion, a pressure bandage is applied to the patient's eye, antibacterial eye preparations (ointment) are prescribed.
Observation by a doctor continues for another 4-5 days until the sutures are removed (they are applied when the skin is cut and are absent when the inner surface of the eyelid is cut). During the recovery period, severe swelling and bruising may occur, which disappear within a week.
Laser removal of a chalazion
After instillation of anesthetic drops into the diseased eye and subsequent injection of an anesthetic (Ultracain) into the thickness of the eyelid, an incision is made in the eyelid and the contents of the cyst are removed. The fibrous capsule itself is evaporated by a laser beam.
Laser surgery has many advantages over traditional surgical excision. Minimal trauma causes the absence of postoperative complications (bleeding from the wound, infection). There is no need for stitches and pressure bandages.
The patient returns to a normal rhythm of life the next day after the operation. After laser treatment of a chalazion, crusts form that should not be torn off. It is also not recommended to wet the eyes after the operation.
Forecast
Chalazion in most cases is a benign process, with qualified treatment a complete recovery is achieved. Self-treatment can lead to the development of a large-scale purulent process: abscess,.
- The danger of malignancy (malignancy of the cyst) occurs with frequent recurrence of the cyst.
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