Bacteria are the most beneficial. Respiratory and lung diseases

Microorganisms live in the human intestines, which make up a total weight of up to two kilograms. They form the local flora. The ratio is strictly maintained on the basis of expediency.

Bacterial contents are heterogeneous in function and significance for the host organism: some bacteria in all conditions provide support through the proper functioning of the intestine, therefore they are called useful. Others only expect the slightest breakdown in management and weakening of the body in order to turn into a source of infection. They are called opportunistic.

The introduction into the intestines of foreign bacteria that can cause the disease is accompanied by a violation of the optimal balance even if the person is not sick, but is a carrier of infection.

Treatment of the disease with medications, especially antibacterial action, has a detrimental effect not only on the causative agents of the disease, but also on beneficial bacteria. There is a problem how to eliminate the consequences of therapy. Therefore, scientists have created a large group of new drugs that supply live bacteria for the intestines.

What bacteria form the intestinal flora?

About five hundred species of microorganisms live in the human digestive tract. They perform the following functions:

• help their enzymes to break down substances that got into the products before normal assimilation, absorption through the intestinal wall into the bloodstream;
• they destroy the unnecessary residues of the digestion of food, waste, toxic substances, gases, in order to prevent decay processes;
• produce special enzymes for the body, biologically active substances (biotin), vitamin K and folic acid, which are necessary for life;
• participate in the synthesis of components of the immune system.

Studies have shown that some bacteria (bifidobacteria) protect the body from cancer.

Probiotics gradually displace pathogenic microbes, depriving them of nutrition and directing immune cells to them

The main beneficial microorganisms include: bifidobacteria (make up 95% of the entire flora), lactobacilli (by weight almost 5%), Escherichia. The following are considered conditionally pathogenic:

• staphylococci and enterococci;
• mushrooms of the genus Candida;
• clostridia.

They become dangerous with a fall in human immunity, a change in acid-base balance in the body. An example of harmful or pathogenic microorganisms are shigella, salmonella - causative agents of typhoid fever, dysentery.

Useful live bacteria for the gut are also called probiotics. So, they began to call specially created substitutes for the normal intestinal flora. Another name is eubiotics.
  Now they are effectively used to treat digestive pathology and the consequences of the negative effects of drugs.

Types of Probiotics

Preparations with living bacteria were gradually improved and updated in terms of properties and composition. In pharmacology, they are usually divided into generations. The first generation includes drugs containing only one strain of microorganisms: Lactobacterin, Bifidumbacterin, Kolibacterin.

The second generation is formed by antagonist preparations containing an unusual flora that can withstand pathogenic bacteria and support digestion: Bactistatin, Sporobacterin, Biosporin.

The third generation includes multicomponent drugs. They contain several strains of bacteria with biological additives. The group includes: Linex, Acylact, Acipol, Bifilis, Bifiform. The fourth generation consists only of preparations from bifidobacteria: Florin Forte, Bifidumbacterin Forte, Probifor.

According to the bacterial composition, probiotics can be divided into those containing as the main component:

• bifidobacteria - Bifidumbacterin (forte or powder), Bifilis, Bificol, Bifiform, Probifor, Biovestin, Lifepack Probiotics;
• lactobacilli - Linex, Lactobacterin, Acylact, Acipol, Biobacton, Lebenin, Gastrofarm;
• colibacteria - Colibacterin, Bioflor, Bifikol;
• enterococci - Linex, Bifiform, dietary supplements of domestic production;
• yeast-like fungi - Biosporin, Baktisporin, Enterol, Bactisubtil, Sporobacterin.

What to consider when buying probiotics?

Under different names, pharmacological firms in Russia and abroad can produce the same equivalent drugs. Import, of course, is much more expensive. Studies have shown that people living in Russia are more adapted to local bacterial strains.

  It’s better to buy your own drugs.

Another negative - as it turned out, imported probiotics contain only a fifth of the declared volume of live microorganisms and do not settle for a long time in the intestines of patients. Before purchase, specialist advice is required. This is caused by serious complications from misuse of drugs. Patients registered:

• exacerbation of cholelithiasis and urolithiasis;
• obesity;
• allergic reactions.

Do not confuse live bacteria with prebiotics. These are also medicines, but not containing microorganisms. As part of prebiotics, there are enzymes, vitamins to improve digestion, stimulate the growth of beneficial microflora. They are often prescribed for constipation in children and adults.

The group includes well-known practitioners: Lactulose, pantothenic acid, Hilak forte, Lysozyme, inulin preparations. Experts believe that it is necessary to combine prebiotics with probiotic drugs to achieve maximum results. For this, combined preparations (synbiotics) have been created.

Characteristics of first-generation probiotics

Preparations from the group of first-generation probiotics are prescribed for young children when first-degree dysbiosis is detected, and also if prophylaxis is necessary if a patient is prescribed a course of antibiotics.

  Primadofilus - an analogue of drugs with two types of lactobacilli, much more expensive than others, since it is produced in the USA

The pediatrician chooses Bifidumbacterin, Lactobacterin for infants (including bifidobacteria and lactobacilli). They are bred in warm boiled water and given 30 minutes before breastfeeding. For older children and adults, preparations in capsules and tablets are suitable.

Colibacterin - contains dried bacteria of E. coli, is used for prolonged colitis in adults. A more modern single drug Biobacton contains an acidophilus bacillus, shown from the neonatal period.

Narine, Narine Forte, Narine in milk concentrate - contains the acidophilic form of lactobacilli. It comes from Armenia.

Purpose and description of second-generation probiotics

Unlike the first group, the second generation probiotics do not contain useful living bacteria, but include other microorganisms that can suppress and destroy pathogenic microflora - yeast-like fungi and bacillus spores.

It is mainly used for the treatment of children with mild dysbiosis and intestinal infections. The duration of the course should be observed no more than seven days, then switch to live bacteria of the first group. Bactisubtil (French drug) and Flonivin BS contain bacillus spores with a wide spectrum of antibacterial action.

  Inside the stomach, spores are not destroyed by hydrochloric acid and enzymes, reach intact in the small intestine

Bactisporin and Sporobacterin are made from hay bacillus, antagonistic properties to pathogenic pathogens, resistance to the action of the antibiotic Rifampicin are preserved.

Enterol contains yeast-like fungi (saccharomycetes). It comes from France. Used in the treatment of diarrhea associated with antibiotics. Active against clostridia. Biosporin includes two types of saprophytes bacteria.

Features of third-generation probiotics

The living bacteria collected in a combination or several of their strains act more actively. They are used to treat acute intestinal disorders of moderate severity.

Linex - contains bifidobacteria, lactobacilli and enterococci, is produced in Slovakia in a special powder for children (Linex Baby), capsules, sachets. Bifiform is a Danish drug, several varieties are known (Baby drops, chewable tablets, complex). Bifilis - contains bifidobacteria and lysozyme. Available in suspension (lyophilisate), rectal suppositories.

  As part of the drug bifidobacteria, enterococci, lactulose, vitamins B 1, B 6

How are fourth-generation probiotics different?

In the production of drugs with bifidobacteria of this group, the need to create additional protection of the digestive tract and removal of intoxication has been taken into account. Means are called “sorbed” because the active bacteria are located on activated carbon particles.

Indicated for respiratory infections, diseases of the stomach and intestines, dysbiosis. The most popular drugs in this group. Bifidumbacterin Forte - contains live bifidobacteria sorbed on activated carbon, is available in capsules and powders.

Effectively protects and restores the intestinal flora after respiratory infections, with acute gastroenterological pathology, dysbiosis. The drug is contraindicated in people with congenital insufficiency of the lactase enzyme, with rotavirus infection.

Probifor - differs from Bifidumbacterin Forte in the number of bifidobacteria, it is 10 times higher than the previous drug. Therefore, treatment is much more effective. It is prescribed in severe forms of intestinal infection, with diseases of the large intestine, dysbiosis.

It is proved that the effectiveness is equal in case of diseases caused by Shigella to fluoroquinolone antibiotics. Able to replace the combination of Enterol and Bifilis. Florin Forte - includes lacto- and bifidobacterial composition, adsorbed on charcoal. Available in the form of capsules and powder.

The use of synbiotics

Synbiotics are a completely new proposal in the treatment of disorders of the intestinal flora. They provide a double action: on the one hand, they necessarily contain a probiotic, on the other, they include a prebiotic, which creates favorable conditions for the growth of beneficial bacteria.

The fact is that the action of probiotics is not long. After the restoration of intestinal microflora, they can die, which again causes a worsening of the situation. Concomitant prebiotics nourish beneficial bacteria, provide active growth and protection.

Many synbiotics are bioadditives, not drugs. Only a specialist can make the right choice. It is not recommended to independently decide on treatment. The drugs of this series include the following.

Lb17

Many authors are among the best drugs to date. It combines the beneficial effects of 17 types of living bacteria with extracts of algae, mushrooms, vegetables, herbs, fruits, crops (more than 70 components). Recommended for course use, 6 to 10 capsules should be taken per day.

Production is not associated with sublimation and drying, therefore, the viability of all bacteria is preserved. The drug is obtained by natural fermentation for three years. Bacterial strains work in different digestion areas. Suitable for people with lactose intolerance, does not contain gluten and gelatin. It enters the pharmacy network from Canada.

Multidophilus plus

It includes three strains of lactobacilli, one - bifidobacteria, maltodextrin. It is made in the USA. Available in capsules for adults. The Polish product Maksilak in its composition contains: as a prebiotic, oligofructose, as a probiotic - live cultures of beneficial bacteria (three strains from bifidobacteria, five from lactobacilli, streptococcus). It is indicated for diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, respiratory system, impaired immunity.

It is prescribed to children from the age of three and adults, 1 capsule in the evening with meals

What probiotics have targeted indications?

With an abundance of information about bacterial preparations with living microorganisms, some people rush to extremes: either do not believe in the appropriateness of use, or, conversely, spend money on useless means. It is necessary to consult a specialist about the use of probiotics in a specific situation.

Liquid probiotics are prescribed for babies with diarrhea during breastfeeding (especially those born prematurely). They also help with irregular stools, constipation, physical developmental delays.

Babies in such situations are shown:

• Bifidumbacterin Forte;
• Linex;
• Acipol;
• Lactobacterin;
• Bifilis;
• Probifor.

If the child’s diarrhea is associated with a respiratory illness, pneumonia, infectious mononucleosis, false croup, then these drugs are prescribed for a short course of 5 days. With viral hepatitis, treatment lasts from a week to a month. Allergic dermatitis is treated with courses from 7 days (Probifor) to three weeks. A patient with diabetes is recommended to conduct probiotic courses of different groups for 6 weeks.

For prophylactic use, Bifidumbacterin Forte, Bifilis in the season of increased incidence are most suitable.

What is better to take with dysbiosis?

It is necessary for confidence in the violation of the intestinal flora to pass an analysis of feces for dysbiosis. The doctor must establish what specific bacteria the body lacks, how severe the disorders are.

With an established deficiency of lactobacilli, it is not necessary to use only drugs. containing them. Because it is bifidobacteria that are decisive in imbalance and form the rest of the microflora.

  Monopreparations in which there are only bacteria of the same type are recommended by a doctor only for mild disorders

In severe cases, combined means of the third and fourth generations are needed. The most shown is Probifor (infectious enterocolitis, colitis). For children, you always need to choose a combination of drugs with lactobacilli and bifidobacteria.

Means with colibacilli are prescribed very carefully. When ulcers in the intestines and stomach, acute gastroenteritis are detected, probiotics with lactobacilli are more indicated.

Usually, the doctor determines the duration of treatment by the generation of a probiotic:

• I - a monthly course is required.
• II - from 5 to 10 days.
• III - IV - up to seven days.

In the absence of effectiveness, the specialist changes the treatment regimen, adds antifungal agents, antiseptics. The use of probiotics is a modern approach to the treatment of many diseases. It is especially important to remember the parents of young children. It is necessary to distinguish drugs from biological food additives. Existing dietary supplements with intestinal bacteria can only be used by a healthy person for the purpose of prevention.

Many types of bacteria are useful and successfully used by humans.

First of allbeneficial bacteria are widely used in the food industry.

In the production of cheeses, kefir, cream, coagulation of milk, which occurs under the influence of lactic acid, is necessary. Lactic acid is produced by lactic acid bacteria, which are part of the starter cultures and feed on sugar contained in milk. Lactic acid itself promotes the absorption of iron, calcium, phosphorus. These beneficial elements help us overcome infectious diseases.

In the production of cheese, it is pressed into pieces (heads). The cheese heads are sent to the ripening chambers, where the activity of the various lactic acid and propionic acid bacteria included in its composition begins. As a result of their activity, the cheese “ripens” - acquires a characteristic taste, smell, pattern and color.

For the production of kefir, sourdough is used containing lactic acid bacilli and lactic streptococci.

Yogurt is a tasty and healthy sour-milk product. Milk for the production of yogurt must be of very high quality. It should have a minimum amount of harmful bacteria that can prevent the development of beneficial yogurt bacteria. Yogurt bacteria process milk into yogurt and give it a peculiar flavor.

Fig. 14. Lactobacilli - lactic acid bacteria.

Lactic acid and yogurt bacteria entering the human body with food help fight not only harmful bacteria in the intestines, but also viruses that cause colds and other infections. In the process of their activity, these beneficial bacteria create such an acidic environment (due to the excreted metabolic products) that only a microbe very adapted to difficult conditions can survive next to them, such as E. coli.

The activity of beneficial bacteria is used in the fermentation of cabbage and other vegetables.

Secondly, bacteria are used to leach ores in the extraction of copper, zinc, nickel, uranium and other metals from natural ores. Leaching is the extraction of minerals from non-rich ore using bacteria, when other methods of production (for example, smelting ore) are not effective and expensive. Leaching is carried out by aerobic bacteria.

Thirdlyuseful aerobic bacteria are used to treat wastewater from cities and industrial enterprises from organic remains.

The main goal of such biological treatment is the neutralization of complex and insoluble organic substances of wastewater, which cannot be removed from it by mechanical treatment, and their decomposition into simple water-soluble elements.

Fourth, bacteria are used in the manufacture of silk and leather processing, etc. Special transgenic bacteria produce raw materials for the manufacture of artificial silk. Technical lactic acid bacteria are used in the leather industry for swelling and anesthesia (processing raw materials from solid compounds), in the textile industry, as an auxiliary tool for dyeing and printing.

Fifth, bacteria are used to control agricultural pests. Agricultural plants are treated with special preparations that contain certain types of bacteria. Insects - pests, absorbing parts of plants treated with biological products, swallow bacteria spores with food. This leads to the death of pests.

Sixth, bacteria are used for the production of various medications (for example, interferon) that kill viruses and support the human immunity (defense).

And the lastharmful bacteria possess beneficial properties.

Rotting bacteria (coprophytic bacteria) destroy the corpses of dead animals, the leaves of trees and shrubs falling on the ground, the trunks of dead trees themselves. These bacteria are a kind of orderlies on our planet. They feed on organic substances and turn them into humus - the fertile layer of the earth.

Soil bacteria live in the soil and also bring a lot of benefits in nature. The mineral salts that soil bacteria produce are then absorbed from the soil by plant roots. One cubic centimeter of the surface layer of forest soil contains hundreds of millions of soil bacteria.

Fig. 15. Clostridia - soil bacteria.

Bacteria also live in the soil, which absorb nitrogen from the air, accumulating it in their bodies. This nitrogen is then converted to protein. After the death of bacterial cells, these proteins turn into nitrogenous compounds (nitrates), which are fertilizers and are well absorbed by plants.

Conclusion

Bacteria are a large, well-studied group of microorganisms. Bacteria are found everywhere and a person meets them in their life constantly. Bacteria can be beneficial to humans, or can be a source of dangerous diseases.

The study of the properties of bacteria, the fight against their harmful manifestations and the use of the beneficial properties of the vital activity of bacteria is one of the main tasks for humans.

Student of Grade 6 B _________________________________ / Yaroslav Shchipanov /

Literature.

1. Berkinblit MB, Glagolev SM, Maleeva Yu.V., Biology: A textbook for grade 6. - M .: Binom. Laboratory of Knowledge, 2008.

2. Ivchenko, T. V. Electronic textbook "Biology: Grade 6. Living organism". // Biology at school. - 2007.

3. Pasechnik VV Biology. 6 cl. Bacteria, fungi, plants: Textbook. for general education. textbook. institutions, - 4th ed., stereotype. - M.: Bustard, 2000.

4. Smelova, V.G. Digital microscope in biology classes // Publishing House "First of September" Biology. - 2012. - No. 1.

The beneficial bacteria that inhabit the human body are called microbiota. In terms of their numbers, they are quite extensive - one person has millions of them. Moreover, they all regulate the health and normal functioning of each individual. Scientists say that without beneficial bacteria, or, as they are also called, mutualists, the gastrointestinal tract, skin, and respiratory tract would be instantly attacked by pathogenic microbes and destroyed.

What should be the balance of microbiota in the body and how can it be adjusted to avoid the development of serious diseases, AiF.ru asked cEO of biomedical holding Sergey Musienko.

Intestinal workers

One of the important sections of the location of beneficial bacteria is the intestines. No wonder it is believed that it is here that the entire human immune system is laid. And if the bacterial environment is disturbed, then the body's defenses are significantly reduced.

Useful intestinal bacteria create literally unbearable living conditions for pathogens - an acidic environment. In addition, beneficial microorganisms help digest plant foods, as bacteria feed on plant cells containing cellulose, but intestinal enzymes alone cannot do this. Also, intestinal bacteria contribute to the production of vitamins B and K, which provide metabolism in the bones and connective tissues, as well as release energy from carbohydrates and contribute to the synthesis of antibodies and regulation of the nervous system.

Most often, when speaking about beneficial intestinal bacteria, they mean the 2 most popular species: bifidobacteria and lactobacilli. At the same time, they can’t be called the main ones, as many people think - their number is only 5-15% of the total. However, they are very important, since their positive effect on other bacteria is proved, when such bacteria can be important factors for the well-being of the whole community: if they are fed or introduced into the body using fermented milk products - kefir or yogurt, they help other important bacteria to survive and multiply . So, for example, it is very important to restore their population with dysbiosis or after a course of taking antibiotics. Otherwise, the body's defenses will be problematic to increase.

Biological shield

The bacteria that inhabit the skin and respiratory tract of a person, in fact, are on guard and reliably protect their area of ​​responsibility from the penetration of pathogens. The main ones are micrococci, streptococci and staphylococci.

The microbiome of the skin has undergone changes over the past hundreds of years, since man has moved from natural life in contact with nature to regular washing with special means. It is believed that now the skin of a person is not inhabited by the bacteria that lived before. The body using the immune system can distinguish between dangerous and non-hazardous. But, on the other hand, any streptococcus can become pathogenic for humans, for example, if it gets into a cut or any other open wound on the skin. Excess bacteria or their pathological activity on the skin and in the respiratory tract can lead to both the development of various diseases and the appearance of an unpleasant odor. Today there are developments based on bacteria that oxidize ammonia. Their use allows you to sow the skin microbiome with completely new organisms, as a result of which not only the smell disappears (the result of the metabolism of urban flora), but the skin structure also changes - pores open, etc.

Saving the microworld

The microworld of each person is changing pretty quickly And there are undoubted advantages in this, since the number of bacteria can be updated independently.

Different bacteria feed on different substances - the more diverse the food of a person and the more it corresponds to the season, the more choice the beneficial microorganisms have. However, if the food is abundantly filled with antibiotics or preservatives, the bacteria do not survive, because these substances are created to destroy them. And it is not at all important that most of the bacteria are not pathogenic. As a result, the diversity of the inner world of a person is destroyed. And after this, various diseases start - problems with stools, skin rashes, metabolic disorders, allergic reactions, etc.

But the microbiota can be helped. And it will take only a few days to make an easy correction.

There are a large number of probiotics (with live bacteria) and prebiotics (substances that support bacteria). But the main problem is that they work for everyone in different ways. The analysis shows that their effectiveness in dysbacteriosis is up to 70-80%, that is, this or that drug may or may not work. And here you should closely monitor the course of treatment and admission - if the funds are active, you will immediately notice improvements. If the situation remains unchanged, it is worth changing the treatment program.

Alternatively, you can pass a special test that studies the genomes of bacteria, determines their composition and ratio. This allows you to quickly and correctly select the desired option of nutrition and additional therapy, which will restore the delicate balance. Although a person does not feel light disturbances in the balance of bacteria, they still affect health - in this case, frequent illnesses, drowsiness, and allergic manifestations can be noted. Every resident of the city to some extent has an imbalance in the body, and if he doesn’t specifically do anything to recover, then surely he will have health problems from a certain age.

Fasting, unloading, more vegetables, porridge from natural cereals in the morning - these are only a few options for eating behavior that are useful bacteria. But for each person, the diet should be individualized in accordance with the state of his body and his lifestyle - only then he will be able to maintain an optimal balance and always feel good.

Hosts life on Earth. The territory of the bacteria - the whole world

When you suddenly feel scared of wanting sweet or salty, when you decide where and when to go on vacation, when you see tears from a melodrama, when you plan to have a dog or aquarium fish - you know, these are not your decisions!

You do not control your own body, you do not control your own thoughts. Do not you determine what to eat, what to drink, who to love and hate, what music to listen to, and which site to open. Do not you decide whether to read further this post, or, twisting a finger at his temple, close the page. Bacteria will do this for you. Exactly! This is not an invention of the author, but the professional conclusion of scientists. Strange as it may seem, but even scary, but the world in which we live is not our world, it is a territory of bacteria.

On planet Earth, more than 90% of all living things that live here. They are the real owners of the Earth.

Interesting facts about bacteria

Since bacteria began life on our planet, they will all end, so scientists believe. There is an anecdote that when the aliens discovered the Earth, they could not figure out who its real owner is - people or bacteria.

What is the role of bacteria in human life?

Bacteria appeared and live on almost from the very moment of its existence.

If the duration of the existence of bacteria to take a day, then the share of the existence of mankind will have a meager segment, less than a second.

But these smallest living organisms are not only adjacent to us, they are organically integrated into our body. Without their help, we could not exist.

For example, in the intestines of microorganisms tens of thousands of different species, and without this friendly team, a person could not digest food.

When the balance of the number and ratio of bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract is disturbed, this leads to serious diseases.

Interesting facts about bacteria

There are 5 nonillion microorganisms on our planet. The number is fantastic, which is many times the number of all people and animals on earth

Reluctant killers

Unconscious killers

These same microorganisms ensure that our body is regularly cleaned of unnecessary and unnecessary rubbish.

When trash accumulates too much, the bacteria arrange general cleaning of the body in the form of dysentery, flu and others.

Sometimes they get down to business too zealously, and as a result of such a "haymaking" a person may die.

But deliberately kill a person - the bacteria have no such task. Unreasonable creatures act instinctively, fighting with other microbes for survival. Just like people. Only the battlefield is the human body.

And if the battlefield becomes useless, that is, a person dies, it means that another army won the battle, consisting of warrior bacteria that are involved in the processing and decomposition of our nails, muscles, bones and other parts of the body.

Interesting facts about bacteria

More bacteria reside on the cell phone case than under the rim of the toilet bowl.

The enemy is cunning and cunning

Scientists often wonder if bacteria can deal with humanity completely and irrevocably? The answer does not please anyone.

Can Moreover, small creatures are able to destroy humanity quickly, silently and without emotions. And not only humanity, but all other living beings.

It is likely that someday this will happen, and microorganisms will again become the sole owners of the planet.

But as long as we exist in symbiosis with him, let us figure out which bacteria are most beneficial for the body and vice versa.

Interesting facts about bacteria

It turns out that a huge number of beneficial bacteria live in appendicitis. A body that everyone recently considered to be a useless atavism helps the body to develop immunity.

There are so many. We name only the most productive.

Bifidobacteria. These little ones know their business. They do not allow pathogenic microbes to develop, they make STOP toxins from the intestines, help ions of iron, calcium and vitamin D to be absorbed through the intestinal walls. In addition, they supply the body with a bunch of vitamins and other beneficial substances.

Lactic acid bacteria. They successfully fight with putrefactive and pathogenic microbes, protecting their intestines from them.

Interesting facts about bacteria

The human body contains from 2 to 3 kilograms of bacteria, most of which live in the intestines

Harmful   bacteria

These creatures in nature also abound. The most nasty of them:

Staphylococcus aureus. The causative agent of many dangerous diseases.

Salmonella. Lodges in meat, raw water, dairy products. Causes severe intoxication and affects the gastrointestinal tract.

Tetanus wand. About the "tetanus" everyone heard? Her work. Spits a very strong toxic poison that causes paralysis of the nervous system.

Koch's wand. About this bastard, too, surely read. Causes pulmonary tuberculosis, lymph nodes, kidneys, bones and skin.

VIDEO: Bacteria Facts

What are the bacteria: the types of bacteria, their classification

Bacteria are tiny microorganisms that appeared many thousands of years ago. It is impossible to see microbes with the naked eye, but one should not forget about their existence. There is a huge amount of bacilli. Their classification, study, varieties, structural features and physiology involved in the science of microbiology.

Microorganisms are called differently, depending on a kind of actions and functions. Under the microscope, you can observe how these little creatures interact with each other. The first microorganisms were quite primitive in form, but their value can in no way be underestimated. From the very beginning, bacilli developed, created colonies, tried to survive in changing climatic conditions. Different vibrios are able to exchange amino acids in order to grow and develop normally.

Today it is difficult to say how many species of these microorganisms are on earth (this number exceeds a million), but the most famous and their names are familiar to almost every person. No matter what the microbes are and how they are called, they all have one advantage - they live in colonies, so it is much easier for them to adapt and survive.

To begin with, let's see what microorganisms exist. The simplest classification is good and bad. In other words, those that are harmful to the human body become the cause of many diseases and those that benefit. Next, we will talk in detail what are the main beneficial bacteria, we will give their description.

It is also possible to classify microorganisms according to their form, characteristics. Probably, many people remember that in school textbooks there was a special table depicting various microorganisms, and next to it was the meaning and their role in nature. There are several types of bacteria:

• cocci - small balls that resemble a chain, as they are located behind each other;
• rod-shaped;
• spirillus, spirochetes (have a convoluted shape);
• vibrios.

  Bacteria of different forms

We have already mentioned that one of the classifications divides microbes into species depending on their forms.

Bacteria sticks also have some special features. For example, there are rod-shaped species with pointed poles, with thickened, rounded, or straight ends. As a rule, rod-shaped microbes are very different and are always in chaos, they are not lined up by a chain (except for streptobacilli), they do not attach to each other (except for diplobacilli).

Microbiologists of spherical forms include streptococci, staphylococci, diplococci, and gonococci. These can be pairs or long chains of balls.

Curved bacilli are spirillis, spirochetes. They are always active, but do not produce a dispute. Spirilla are safe for people, for animals. It is possible to distinguish spirillus from spirochete, if you pay attention to the number of curls, they are less tortuous, have special flagella on the limbs.

  Types of pathogenic bacteria

For example, a group of microorganisms called cocci, and in more detail streptococci and staphylococci cause real purulent diseases (furunculosis, streptococcal sore throat).

Anerobic bacteria live well and develop without oxygen; for some types of these microorganisms, oxygen generally becomes deadly. Aerobic microbes need oxygen for a full life.

Archaea are practically colorless single-celled organisms.

Pathogenic bacteria should beware, because they cause infections, gram-negative microorganisms are considered resistant to antibodies. There is a lot of information about soil, putrefactive microorganisms that are harmful, useful.

In total, spirilla are not dangerous, but some species can cause sodoku.

  Varieties of beneficial bacteria

The fact that bacilli are useful and harmful, even schoolchildren know. Some people know the names by ear (staphylococcus, streptococcus, plague bacillus). These are harmful creatures that interfere not only with the external environment, but also with humans. There are microscopic bacilli that cause food poisoning.

Be sure to know useful information about lactic acid, food, probiotic microorganisms. For example, probiotics, in other words good organisms, are often used for medical purposes. You ask: for what? They do not allow harmful bacteria to multiply inside the person, strengthen the protective functions of the intestine, and have a good effect on the human immune system.

Bifidobacteria are also very beneficial for the intestines. Lactic vibrios include about 25 species. In the human body, they are in large quantities, but are not dangerous. On the contrary, protect the gastrointestinal tract from putrefactive and other microbes.

Speaking of good, it is impossible not to mention a huge kind of streptomycetes. They are known to those who took levomycetin, erythromycin and similar drugs.

There are microorganisms such as azotobacters. They have been living in soils for many years, they have a beneficial effect on the soil, stimulate the growth of plants, and clean the earth from heavy metals. They are indispensable in medicine, agriculture, medicine, food industry.

  Types of bacteria variability

By their nature, microbes are very unstable, they die quickly, they can be spontaneous, induced. We will not go into details about the variability of bacteria, since this information will be more interesting for those who are interested in microbiology and all its branches.

  Types of bacteria for septic tanks

Residents of private houses understand the urgent need to purify wastewater, as well as cesspools. Today, you can quickly and efficiently clean the drains with the help of special bacteria for septic tanks. For a man, this is a great relief, as cleaning sewers is not a pleasant thing.

We have already clarified where the biological type of sewage treatment is applied, and now let's talk about the system itself. Bacteria for septic tanks are grown in laboratories, they kill the unpleasant smell of sewage, disinfect drainage wells, cesspools, reduce the volume of wastewater. There are three types of bacteria that are used for septic tanks:

• aerobic;
• anaerobic;
• live (bioactivators).

Very often people use combined cleaning methods. Strictly follow the instructions on the preparation, make sure that the water level contributes to the normal survival of bacteria. Also, do not forget to use the sewer system at least once every two weeks so that the bacteria have something to eat, otherwise they will die. Do not forget that chlorine from powders and cleaning fluids kills bacteria.

The most popular bacteria are Dr. Robic, Septifos, Waste Treat.

  Types of bacteria in the urine

The idea of ​​bacteria in the urine should not be, but after various actions and situations, tiny microorganisms settle where they want: in the vagina, in the nose, in the water, and so on. If bacteria were detected during tests, this means that the person suffers from kidney, bladder or ureter diseases. There are several ways in which microorganisms enter the urine. Before treatment it is very important to investigate and accurately determine the type of bacteria and the method of entry. This can be determined by biological urine culture, when bacteria are placed in a favorable habitat. Next, check the reaction of bacteria to various antibiotics.

We wish you to remain always healthy. Take care of yourself, wash your hands regularly, protect your body from harmful bacteria!