In the first summer of their life, carps feed on pond plankton (Chydorus, Bosmina, Camptocercus, Alona, ​​Sida), but in the event of a lack of plankton, underyearlings begin early to feed on the larvae of the marten mosquito, Chironomus, which are the main food of carp at an older age. Other representatives of the benthic fauna (benthos), such as oligochaeta worms (Oligochaeta), mollusks and larvae of aquatic insects (mayflies, etc.), are of secondary importance in the diet of carp. By autumn, carp, in addition to animal food, begins to eat vegetation, which contributes to the deposition of fat, which it needs during a long (in the northern regions - almost six months) wintering. Carp feeds at a water temperature not lower than 14°, although during wintering under ice, at water temperatures of 8-4°, it is also able to take a certain amount of food. Carp feed most vigorously in summer, at a temperature of 24-25°C.

Freshwater, lacustrine fish, slow moving, relatively thermophilic; found in continental and floodplain lakes, oxbow lakes, ponds. When the level of spring waters rises and when water bodies are flooded, it remains in those lakes and oxbow lakes where it has taken root. It tolerates acidic waters (up to pH 4.5) and is able to survive at a very low oxygen content in the input (up to 0.5-0.6 cm3), usually it does not die; from marked cases of survival during the freezing of water bodies. Carp taken out of the water remains alive for a long time while protecting the gills from drying out.

The fertility of the Ilmenian crucian carp weighing 278-500 g is 137-207 thousand eggs, of which 24-90.4 thousand eggs are spawned in the first portion. The fertility of crucian carp from the lake. Giryal in specimens 11-20.2 cm long and 53-313 g in weight ranges from 5 to 155.6 thousand eggs.

The food of crucian carp is coastal bottom animals (bloodworm, small mollusks, etc.) with an admixture of algae and parts of aquatic plants; crucian also swallows silt.

Silver carp

Silver carp - Local names

Crucian, gray crucian, ram (Kazakh), sobo (Yakut), dovachan (Tungus), kolty (Buryat); german carp, giebel carp, pond crucian carp (English); Giebel, Silberkarausche, Teichkarausche (German); jigoasa (Manchu); caras (Rom.); funa (jap.).

The fish is freshwater, lacustrine, heat-loving, able to live in ponds and in shallow, easily warmed up reservoirs. Under unfavorable conditions, it forms a small, low-bodied form; there is a strong variability. The abundance of jasaber stamens shows the adaptability of the silver carp to planktonic nutrition and a lower ability to live in turbid waters, due to For this reason, it is more common in running water than common crucian carp. The silver carp also lives in continental, stagnant lakes, where it tolerates a very low oxygen content in the water.

Bream

Bream - Local names

Lyashch, chebak (Don), hare, scavenger (young); Jatik (Est.); plaudis, braxis (Latvian); chabak, tran (Kazakh); bream (English); platy (Bulgarian); Brachsen, Blei (German); brasen (Nor.); leszcz (Polish); platica (Rom.); tchapak (tur.); lahna (fin.); breme (French).

Freshwater, lake-river fish, preferring not very fast flowing and stagnant waters. In the Caspian and Azov Seas, in which the bream has adapted to the slightly saline waters of the pre-estuary parts of the sea, it is a semi-anadromous demersal fish.

Semi-anadromous bream enters the rivers for spawning in spring (April), settling mainly on the Volga in the lower reaches of the delta, on the Don - in the lower reaches (up to Tsymlyanskaya station). In the Volga delta, the course begins at a water level of about 100 cm along the Astrakhan rail and when the water in the river warms up over 8 °. After spawning, the semi-anadromous bream rolls into the sea for fattening. In lakes, it goes to the deeper parts of the reservoir. In the rivers, breams stay in deep pools in summer, prefer clay (but not muddy) bottom. Distribution in the sea depends on the size of the desalinated zone as a result of the spring flood. In search of food, breams do not go far and keep sparsely, from the end of July and in August they gather in flocks. The autumn run in the northern Caspian and the Sea of ​​Azov begins in August and intensifies in October. The bream enters the rivers for wintering and lies in holes near the mouths of the rivers.

Spawning is horticultural, occurs with end of April to the end of June, begins at a water temperature of at least 16-17 ° and lasts about a month. In the lake Ilmen spawning occurs in two doses (sometimes in three), at intervals of about 10-11 days. The height of each spawning lasts three to four days. Spawning grounds are located on floodplain meadows, more often along the coastal shaft near lakes, channels and bays, at a depth of up to 30-50 cm. Caviar sticks to young shoots of fresh meadow vegetation, sometimes it is deposited on dead grass. Males appear on spawning grounds earlier than females (a day or two). Spawning mostly occurs in the evening. Bursts of spawning spawners are noticed, but weaker than those of bream. In the Volga delta, spawning occurs in all channels, chakan-reed and meadow fields, in the steppe ilmens.

Roach

Roach - Local names

Rudd

Rudd - Local names

Red-eyed, cherry, chernukha; roosarg (Est.); ruduls (Latvian); rudd (English); chervonoperka (Bulg.); Rotfeder (German); sorv (Norwegian); wzedr^ga (Polish); rosioara (Rom.); sorva (fin.); meunier, rotengle, gardon rouge (French); sarf (Swedish).

Freshwater living fish. Prefers lakes, in rivers - backwaters and oxbows, reeds and aquatic vegetation, avoiding fast currents and deep places.

Spawning occurs at a water temperature of 18 °, in the south (Dniester) from late April to early July, in the north and near Moscow - in June, in the Volga delta - from April to June. In the Aral Sea basin, the rudd spawns in both fresh and salt water. water from April to June. Caviar is deposited on aquatic plants.

Fertility in the Dnieper Delta is 96-232 thousand, on average 158 thousand eggs.

Caviar reddish, sticky; the diameter of the eggs is 1.5 mm. The duration of development at a water temperature of 20-22°C is three days. Larvae hatch 3.8-4 mm long.

In the Aral Sea, juveniles in June have a length of 10.3 mm, in July 13 mm.

The greatest length is 36 cm, weight up to 1.5-2 kg. Usual length (all) 16-19 cm; the usual average weight is 100-300 g (not more than 400 g), in the Dnieper Delta 52 g.

Rudd reaches sexual maturity in the third year of life.

The food is mixed. Of great importance are phytoplankton, soft aquatic vegetation, tender shoots of reeds, and so on. From animal food, worms, Cladocera crustaceans, amphipods, water donkeys, bloodworms, larvae of other insects, mollusks, as well as fish eggs and fry.

The feeding intensity is uniform throughout the year, except for the spawning period.

Migrations are not marked.

Tench

Lin - Local names

Lin (Ukrainian); linask (Est.); tench (English); tench (Bulgarian); Schleihe (German); sutern (Norwegian); lin (Polish, Romanian); suutari (fin.); tanche (French); sutare, linnare (Swedish).

Sedentary, typically bottom, mostly lake fish; in the rivers he chooses backwaters, backwaters, oxbow lakes. Prefers silty, overgrown reservoirs. Found in frozen lakes. Constantly keeps at the bottom, among thickets, avoiding bright light, buries itself in silt for the winter. It is also found in brackish waters (Gulf of Finland). In the mountain lakes of Western Europe, it lives up to an altitude of 1650 m above sea level.

Not rest is portioned, usually occurs from mid-May to the second half of July, at a water temperature of 18-20 ° and above. Caviar is deposited on vegetation.

Fertility is on average 300-400 thousand eggs (on the Dnieper from 276 to 827.5 thousand).

The caviar is sticky, the diameter of the caviar is 1-1.2 mm. The duration of development is three to seven days at a water temperature of 22-24°. Twelve-day-old larvae reach a length of 8-10 mm. In the Volga delta, the length of fry in July is 1–1.2 cm, weight 0.9–1.2 g; in December - 3.8-4.1 cm, weight 1.3-3 g.

The tench reaches a length of 63.5 (even 70) cm and 7.5 kg of weight. In commercial catches in the Dnieper delta, the weight of the tench ranges from 87 to 1645 g, on average 400-525 g; in the lakes of the Leningrad region - 300-400 years.

Reaches puberty in the third or fourth year of life.

Growth strongly depends on the conditions of life in the reservoir and is sometimes very slow; in the lake Ubinsky (western Siberia) at the age of 5-) - tench has a length of 19.2 cm, weight 191 g. At the age of 10 years, a tench from Lake Libavskoe has a length of 46.5 cm and a weight of 1.49 kg.

Under the conditions of pond farming, underyearlings reach 3-8 g of weight, two-year-olds - 50-150 g, three-year-olds - 160-325 g. When selecting pond tench, it is possible to obtain a commercial tench weighing 250 g by the end of the second summer.

Food is crustaceans, insect larvae, mainly Chironomidae, small mollusks (Bithynia), partly vegetation.

Tench extracts food from silt, moving little from place to place.

Minnow - Local names

Peskozob, column, koblik: gudgeon (English); GrUndling (German): goujon (French).

Freshwater, schooling, river fish, but found in lakes, ponds and brackish waters (Gulf of Finland, Sea of ​​Azov - between Taganrog and the mouth of the Don). Prefers running clean water and sandy clean bottom. The Turkestan minnow (Amu Darya basin) prefers stagnant and slowly flowing waters.

Spawning occurs in shallow places, sand, cartilaginous soil, stones, as well as on plants, from the end of April and in May - June. There are indications of portion spawning.

Fertility 1-3 thousand eggs.

The caviar is sticky, the diameter of the caviar is 2 mm. The hatched larvae are 6 mm long; in July, the fry reach 4.4 cm, in August - 6.6 cm.

In the fourth year, the minnow reaches a length of 10 cm; the largest sizes are 20-22 cm, with a weight of 300 g, but even minnows 14-15 cm long are considered large.

The fry feed on crustaceans (Cladocera, Copepoda, Ostracoda) and rotifers, larvae of Chironomidae, Ephemeridae and Trichoptera, less often algae (Closterium, Melosira, etc.). Adults feed on crustaceans (Cladocera, Copepoda, Ostracoda, Gammaridae, Mysidae), Chironomidae larvae, and eat their own eggs.

Minnow movements for spawning from lakes to river sources and after spawning from rivers to lakes have been noted.

Earlier on this topic:

• Fish biting calendar in July: Angler's calendar - JULY 2013

Carp is the most common freshwater fish in our country. Anyone who has gone fishing with a fishing rod at least once has probably caught a few carp. The crucian fish is well known to culinary specialists. Since crucians are the most affordable fish, there are many recipes for their preparation. Finally, crucian carp lends itself well to breeding in pond fish farms.

Carp fish - types

In the scientific classification, crucian carp are separated into an independent genus belonging to the family of carp fish. At the moment, there are five types of crucian fish:

Although some types of marine fish have the common name crucian carp, this fish has nothing to do with real freshwater crucian carp.

For a long time, golden crucian carp, which is also ordinary, was considered a typical representative of the genus crucian carp. This species was widely distributed throughout Europe and in northern Asia, where its habitat range reached the Lena River basin. For many centuries, Europeans did not know any other types of crucian carp, except for the golden one. However, in the second half of the 20th century, golden carp began to be rapidly replaced by silver carp, which today has become a more typical representative of the genus.

It is believed that the southern border of the goldfish settlement reached central France, Switzerland, Bulgaria, Georgia, southern Kazakhstan and northern Altai. In nature, golden crucian fish was not found in the reservoirs of China, but historical facts show that in the Celestial Empire they knew about this species and even bred it, since it was on the basis of golden crucian carp that about a thousand years ago a species of crucian goldfish was bred here. However, many sources claim that this species was nevertheless bred from silver carp, which is found everywhere in northern China.

Silver carp was originally distributed in water bodies belonging to the Amur basin, as well as in some Siberian rivers. In the 1960s, this species began to be artificially spread across the territory of the USSR and Central Europe. Silver carp has taken root well outside its natural range, and today it can also be found in Western Europe, the USA, Canada, India and other regions of the world. In those reservoirs where silver carp got, the native fish carp and golden carp were rapidly pushed into the background, and in many places even completely disappeared.

Two Japanese species of crucian carp, as you might guess, were originally distributed only in Japan itself. Moreover, white crucian carp was generally endemic to one reservoir - Lake Biva. Over time, Japanese carp were introduced into some water bodies of the Russian Far East, Korea and China.

As for the goldfish, from the very beginning this species was bred artificially for decorative purposes, and therefore does not occur in natural conditions.

All carp have a fairly similar appearance. They have a tall, laterally flattened body with a thick back and a narrow abdomen. On the back there is one low, but long fin. A small head ends in a very small mouth, in which the pharyngeal teeth are arranged in one row.

Carp have large smooth scales, the color of which depends not only on the species, but also on the habitat. Golden carp mostly have different shades of yellow-gray color: from almost mustard to silver with a slight shade of yellowness. Moreover, the golden carp fins in any case will be yellow-brown or reddish. In turn, silver crucian fish has a silvery-gray color, sometimes with a greenish tint, but occasionally yellow individuals come across. The fins of the silver carp are always gray-black. The Japanese white carp is a lighter version of the silver carp. Well, as for the color of the goldfish, the standard breed is painted in a bright carrot color.

The size of the crucian directly depends on the size of the reservoir. In small ponds, they often do not exceed the size of the palm of an adult, but in rivers, reservoirs, large lakes and ponds, golden carp can gain up to 3 kg with a body length of about 50 cm, and silver carp - up to 2 kg and 40 cm.

Carp, like a fish, forms the basis of the “population” of most stagnant and flowing water bodies in its habitat. He feels great both in small ponds and swamps, and in large rivers, including estuaries and freshwater deltas. Moreover, crucian prefers muddy silty places more, but he does not like reservoirs with crystal clear water and a rocky bottom. For this reason, it is almost impossible to meet in mountain lakes, rivers and streams.

Crucian carp is completely unpretentious to the quality of water, and if the conditions in the reservoir become completely unbearable (a catastrophic drop in oxygen levels, drying out or even complete freezing), it simply burrows into the bottom silt and hibernates there. In anabiosis, crucian carp can be for many months, waiting for improvement in conditions in the reservoir.

This fish prefers to stay as close to the bottom as possible, or hides in thickets of underwater vegetation. However, with an abundance of insects near the surface of the water, it can also rise to the upper water layers. River fish crucian leads a flocking lifestyle, but large individuals often stay alone.

In small reservoirs, especially in stagnant ones, crucian carp hibernate in order to avoid oxygen starvation. But in rivers and other water bodies with good water circulation and a normal oxygen regime, fish often remain active all year round.

Carp are omnivores. The basis of their diet is made up of all kinds of insects, small invertebrates living in the water, algae and detritus. In turn, crucian carp itself often becomes the prey of predatory fish and near-water predators (snakes, otters, herons, etc.)

Freshwater crucian fish reaches puberty at the age of three to four years. Spawning usually takes place in several stages per season, when the water temperature reaches optimal values ​​(about 14 ° C). But usually the bulk of the eggs are rushing about in May-June. Bottom areas overgrown with aquatic vegetation are selected for spawning grounds.

An interesting feature of the silver carp is the ability of females to gynogenesis, that is, to reproduce without the participation of males of their own species. It happens like this: females spawn, which is then activated (but not fertilized in the full sense) by the milk of other fish, for example, goldfish or carp; hatched larvae are genetically copies of their mother. As a result, in some reservoirs silver carp are represented exclusively by females.

Although carp are usually not prone to migration, sometimes during spawning they can leave their lakes, ponds and backwaters in rivers for spawning.

Crucian carp is a habitual inhabitant of fresh water almost throughout Europe (except for the southern and some western regions, as well as the far north). From time immemorial, for local residents, it has been an object of fishing with a line and a net.

Today, the crucian fish family remains a popular prey for sport fishing enthusiasts. It lives both in well-groomed private ponds and in natural wild reservoirs, and therefore is publicly available to any fisherman. Since catching carp requires only the most basic fishing skills, no fishing trip to a freshwater reservoir can do without at least a few crucian caught on the hook.

However, due to the fact that crucian carp are often very small in wild waters, the value of fish caught during sport fishing is usually low. Basically, this is a small fish the size of a palm, less often - a little larger. Many fishermen prefer to simply release such small things crucian fish back into the pond.

The situation is somewhat different in well-groomed private reservoirs, where fish are fed and purposefully bred. Under such conditions, carp relatively easily gain weight of several hundred grams, and sometimes more than a kilogram. Such fish is already of considerable interest not only in sports, but also in culinary terms.

Finally, crucian carp is often purposefully bred as marketable fish for sale. Being omnivorous and completely unpretentious to the conditions in the pond, crucian carp is cheap to produce and does not create unnecessary trouble. True, in the food market it is not highly valued.

Separately, mention should be made of crucians of the goldfish species. Since this is an artificial and purely decorative species, it is not found in the wild either. It is bred for aquariums and small ornamental ponds. It is not customary to eat these crucian carp.

Crucian carp is considered a diet food, since with an average fat content of its meat at the level of 7%, the calorie content of 100 grams does not exceed 87 kcal.

Like any fish, crucian carp is very useful because it contains a lot of fat-soluble vitamins, minerals and trace elements. In particular, it is rich in vitamins A, B, C, D, E, PP, as well as copper, zinc, second calcium, manganese, sodium, etc. There is a lot of iodine in crucian meat, which is very necessary for problems with the thyroid gland. By the amount of protein, crucian carp is comparable to chicken. This substance in its meat is about 18%.

The taste characteristics of crucian carp largely depend on the place in which a particular individual lived. Fish caught in a large river or a large stagnant reservoir has a delicate, slightly sweet taste, while live crucian fish caught in shallow, heavily swamped reservoirs can often give mud. Fortunately, this problem can be overcome by soaking crucian carp in milk or vinegar, or by using more spices.

Another disadvantage of crucian carp, because of which many cooks do not like this fish, is its increased boneiness. Moreover, many bones are so small that it is visually very difficult to notice and remove them when cutting the carcass. However, there are many recipes to minimize this problem.

The simplest dish of crucian carp, which every amateur fisherman has prepared at least once, is carp in flour, fried in a pan. Moreover, many insist that crucians prepared in this way are tastier than they are smaller.

Also popular dishes are fried crucian carp in sour cream, borscht or crucian fish soup and oven-baked crucian carp. In Poland, for example, crucian carp in sour cream is a popular holiday dish. Large crucians are dried and dried.

Artificial breeding of crucian carp

From the point of view of a fish farmer, crucian carp is good in that it is almost not susceptible to infectious diseases and, as follows from the description of crucian fish, it is completely undemanding to water quality and is able to quickly recruit all even without top dressing. Although for most of the territory of Russia the golden carp is a native species, the silver species is better suited for artificial breeding and rearing. He gains weight faster and is generally more tenacious.

Carp can be bred both in monoculture and together with carps. The easiest way is to buy underyearlings in a fish farm (almost every region has farms breeding crucian carp since Soviet times) and then grow them to marketable sizes in their own pond. Moreover, the size and purity of the pond are not of particular importance. The main thing is to observe the landing rate and prevent the pond from drying out.

If the pond is rich in vegetation and invertebrates, then the fish will feed themselves. But to speed up the process of weight gain, it is better to feed carp with steamed grain, unsalted cereals, pig feed, or feed specially designed for carp. Under this regime, crucian carp will grow to commercial size in just one season.

What is the difference between carp and carp? Photo required. and got the best answer

Answer from It's just me[guru]

crucian carp


carp

Answer from Ѝyvind Storm of the Fjords[guru]
Carp - finally a domesticated form of carp

Answer from Vera Androsova[guru]
This is carp. He is smaller than a carp
And this is a carp. He's big
With its tall, compressed body and lack of whiskers, the crucian easily differs from its closest relative, the carp, as well as the number and position of the pharyngeal teeth, which it has 4 on each side and in one row.

Answer from **Dark Queen**[guru]

This is a carp, grows up to 5-7 kg. And crucian carp is somewhere up to 1 kg, the scales are lighter and smaller. In a mirror carp, the scales go only along the skin and a row along the silver side. (like that)

Answer from secret[guru]
crucian:
Carp is one of the most common fish. Only in Spain it is bred artificially, and in France it is almost never found at all, it is found in small quantities in Alsace and Lorraine. Here, in Russia, it is common up to Arkhangelsk, and in Finland up to 64 - 65 degrees N. sh. ; it is not only, it seems, in the Crimea and Transcaucasia, at least, it has not yet been found there by anyone. In the east, crucian carp goes very far into Siberia and, apparently, is not found there only in the Far North and East (in Kamchatka). In the Turkestan region, where carp is very common, crucian carp is found only in ditches of the Amu Darya.
Of all our fish, crucian carp is undoubtedly the most unpretentious and undemanding. This circumstance gives it a rather great industrial importance in areas abounding in stagnant waters, which constitute the main habitat of this species. Carp lives in more or less significant numbers not only in all lakes and ponds; but often comes across in semi-underground lakes, almost completely covered with bogs, and in small pits, where the life of any other fish is completely unthinkable. It can even be positively said that the worse the properties of the water of the basin they inhabit, the more silty the pond or lake, the more numerous and faster the crucians develop. Tina is their element. Here they get food, consisting exclusively of organic remains and particles, also small worms, and for the winter they completely burrow into this silt and remain alive even when, in cruel snowless winters, shallow stagnant waters freeze to the very bottom. There were examples that carp were dug alive from the silt of a completely dried up pond, from a depth of 70 cm. Gold carp are generally much more enduring than silver ones. From this it is clear why at the present time you rarely see at least the most insignificant pond or lake in which there would be no divorced or accidentally caught crucians. The latter, as is well known, after floods are often noticed in the smallest potholes in water meadows. Sometimes crucians appear suddenly in completely isolated pools, but this circumstance can be easily explained by the fact that crucian caviar, sticking to the feathers of water birds, is easily carried even to a fairly considerable height and not only develops here in young fish, but these, the latter, having found abundant food for themselves, after a few years they multiply to such an extent that a lake or pond, which up to now seemed without fish, is teeming with crucian carp in five years.
Carp:
Carp is a freshwater fish of the cyprinid family of the cyprinoid order. The cultural form of carp - carp was obtained by the selection method.
As for the real carp - pond and river, then both one and the other sometimes reach enormous sizes, like none of the other carp fish, and deep old age. The largest modern carp to us had 3 pounds 17 pounds (56.1 kg). This giant, according to S. N. Alferaki, was caught on hooks, 80 miles from Taganrog, on the Krivoy Spit. About 7-8 years ago, that is, in the early eighties, in the river. Voronezh, Lebedyansky district, was caught in a seine, according to eyewitnesses who reported this fact to the famous Moscow hunter and fisherman A. A. Beer, a huge and at the same time unusually ugly carp. He pulled out 4 poods 10 pounds (69.6 kg), but looked like a yard and a half (1 m) stump of almost a yard wide. Lake, especially pond carps of Western Europe can hardly reach such large sizes as real river and sea carps of South-Eastern Europe.

Answer from Etrannik***[guru]
At first glance, a carp, especially a young one, bears a rather strong resemblance to crucian carp, but immediately differs from the latter in its four thick and short antennae on yellow, unusually fleshy lips, almost as mobile as those of a bream. These antennae sit in pairs on each side and end in roundish, flat heads. In addition, the carp is thicker and longer than the crucian carp, and not so high in the back (its body height is only twice as thick). The dark gray dorsal fin of the carp is very wide, wider than that of other cyprinids, and occupies almost the entire rear half of the back . In addition to its width, it is distinguished by a very strong sawtooth, serrated front beam. It is believed that this hard ray on the fin serves as a defense tool for carp against predators and humans. At least when you have to grab a carp with your hands, sometimes he manages to very painfully slash the angler with a saw in the palm of your hand or between the thumb and forefinger. lying in the pharynx are present in all cyprinids and serve to grind solid food. They differ in their massiveness. Young carps, two to three years old, are much flatter, wider, humpbacked and lighter than adults. Large carps have an almost cylindrical body. But both in color and in the structure of the body, the carp is subject to numerous and strong modifications. On the one hand, there are varieties with a very elongated, almost cylindrical body, on the other hand, there are carps that are similar in body shape to silver carp. In central Russia, real river carp is quite rare. The pond carp, a form artificially bred by man, predominates here. The pond carp differs from the river carp in a darker and greenish color of the scales, a wider body, and a sharper fracture from the head to the back. But the main difference is extraordinary endurance and fertility. In these qualities, the pond carp is much superior to the real river carp, which rarely breeds in stagnant ponds. There are also special varieties of pond carp, the so-called mirror carp, which are distinguished by unusually large and irregularly located scales. As an exception, carps come across almost completely devoid of scales. The framed Ukrainian carp is also devoid of scales. Such fish is easy to clean. A hybrid of Galician carp with winter-hardy Amur carp - Ropshinsky carp - is adapted to the harsh conditions of the northern and northwestern regions of our country. The so-called Central Russian or Belarusian carp is characterized by a high growth rate, gives rich offspring, easily tolerates a lack of oxygen in the water and is resistant to diseases. Crossbreeds of carp with crucian carp occupy, as it were, the middle between the two species and are in very diverse forms. They never reach a significant size, they have antennae, like those of a carp, but much smaller or at least thinner, and with a body much wider than an ordinary, even pond carp, and in this respect approach the oblong silver carp. In addition, the gill covers of these crosses of carp and crucian carp are not smooth, like those of crucian carp, but furrowed. Geneticists are working to create colored forms of carp. At present, blue carps have already been obtained, which are not inferior to their ordinary counterparts either in growth rate or in size. Golden carps are very interesting in color. In Japan, on the island of Java and in Indonesia, red and orange carps are also bred. Such colors were found among individuals of the river carp and were artificially fixed for marking breeding lines during industrial crossing. Breeders managed to get carps of various colors: dark, light, with a pattern on the back or with an ornament on the head. In nature, the range of carp coloring is even richer. In tropical waters, you can find purple, white, brown and even emerald carp and carps.