A hard rash in a child. Causes of skin rash in newborns - types of rashes, symptoms and treatment

Date: 03.11.2019

In the morning, my daughter woke up with a face, as they say, in a speck. At first, I didn't really attach much importance to this, and when my baby showed her character in whims, I got worried. I was in no hurry to see the doctor and decided to independently find out the cause of the rash in my child.

It is important to determine the nature of the red rash, the effectiveness of treatment depends on it!

Causes of the rash

It turned out that a red rash in a child on the body or its individual parts can appear for quite a few reasons:

Let's look at each of the reasons together in more detail.

Don't be scared. Postpartum or neonatal rash in infants, it occurs on the 7-21th day of its life outside the mother's body and passes on its own by 2-3 months. She appears quite suddenly. The reason for this rash is the influence of the mother's hormones on the baby while still in the womb.

A neonatal rash is a natural phenomenon that is absolutely safe for the health of babies.

The rash spreads mainly on the surface of the scalp of the baby's head, and also affects the cheeks and neck, periodically changing their locations in the described areas. The rash itself is small, pink-red, not accompanied by suppuration and / or inflammatory processes, and a little rough to the touch. Postpartum rash does not deliver unpleasant and disturbing sensations to an infant.

Rashes are found in about a third of newborn children and do not pose any danger either to the "covered" or to others. There is no need to treat a neonatal rash.

A type of neonatal rash is toxic redness of the skin on the cheeks and / or near the mouth, provoked by the expansion of the capillaries. The rash looks like spots , having various irregular shapes. This rash can occur immediately after birth. It is not necessary to treat it, as well as to panic about its occurrence.

Despite the fact that toxic redness of the skin looks intimidating, it also does not require medical intervention.

Cleanliness is the key to well-being

Do not overheat children

The worst childhood illnesses

However, a small red rash can appear not only as a result of overheating, but also be a clear symptom of one of the infectious diseases:

- characterized by an itchy red small rash, replaced by small, slightly rising above the surface of the skin, blisters filled with infectious fluid. After the blisters burst naturally or mechanically (scratching), small red ulcerations remain on the skin. Most of the unpleasant sensations of the rash are delivered on the inside of the eyelids, in the genitals and in the mouth. Eleven days pass from the moment of infection until the first red rashes appear. It is not uncommon for an infected person to have a fever and a headache. It is impossible to comb the rash, since the healing process can be greatly delayed in this way. You can help the child by smearing the rash with a solution of potassium permanganate or brilliant green. During the period of illness, contact with others and leaving the house must be minimized.

Chickenpox is once in a lifetime more than every person.

- a rare disease now. Its first symptoms can easily be confused with a cold or digestive problems. Red rashes appear only after 4 days - a week from the moment of infection. They are preceded by fever. The first to suffer from the rash are the mucous membranes of the baby's cheeks and gums. Then the spots appear on the face and neck, then the chest, back, abdomen and shoulders are involved in the process of the disease, and the rash on the arms and legs ends. When the rashes subside, the skin in their former places turns brown. The consequences of measles can be very severe. Treatment is prescribed only by a specialist.

If you suspect your little one has measles, call your doctor right away!

- a very contagious sore. The incubation period (up to 3 weeks) is asymptomatic. The first rashes appear on the back of the head and behind the ears. After a short time interval, a red rash appears on the child's body. Rubella is characterized by an elevated temperature. There are no specific medications for rubella treatment.

Red spots, high fever, weakness - these are the main symptoms of rubella.

- every infant under two years of age may encounter it. The first obvious signs of the disease are enlarged lymph nodes, high fever, and a sore throat. Then a small red rash appears on the face and spreads at great speed throughout the body, just like rubella. The disease is contagious. , passes on its own.

Roseola is a contagious disease that does not require any (!) Treatment.

Scarlet fever- begins with an increase in degrees on the thermometer. If a characteristic rash in the form of pimples appears on the tongue, then this is one of the clear signs of the disease. Provokes scarlet fever streptococcus. The latent phase of the disease lasts from 3 days to a week. A small red rash on the body, face, arms and legs is added to the temperature. As the rash disappears, the skin at the sites of the former rashes peels off. During the period of illness, a person is contagious, therefore, contact with people around him must be excluded.

Scarlet fever is most easily diagnosed by the characteristic rash on the tongue.

Meningitis is a very dangerous disease. Even newborn children are exposed to it. Typical symptoms: fever accompanied by vomiting, drowsiness, hardness and stiffness of the occipital muscles, rash. The rash is characterized as small subcutaneous spots, similar to a mosquito bite or injection marks (as shown in the photo). The first places where the rash appears is the abdomen and buttocks. Then the rash becomes visible on the legs. A rash in the form of red dots appears literally everywhere. If measures are not taken in time, then the rash increases in volume and size, and becomes like bruises. At the first sign, you need to urgently seek help. Delay is fraught with death.

Meningitis is a deadly disease! Sick babies are immediately hospitalized.

Allergy

Rashes can also be allergic in nature. The rash, possibly, is similar to neonatal, but the rash itself is not localized in the head and neck area, but randomly occurs on any part of the skin of the body. An allergic rash is characterized by a crust behind the ears.

Internal eczema - a reason to get tested

The onset of eczema can be preceded by thermal, mechanical, chemical factors. Eczema can also indicate problems with the endocrine, gastrointestinal, nervous and excretory systems. A rash with eczema can appear completely on any part of the skin.

If your baby is covered with an incomprehensible rash, then it is advisable to visit a dermatologist as soon as possible to make a diagnosis.

About how mothers fought

Alexandra about measles:

“Lately, the scary measles has become more common in babies in comparison with the past decades. Probably, this is due to the refusal of mothers from vaccinations, but after all, when vaccinating against measles, complications can arise ... up to toxic shock and convulsions. How to deal with this? I went to the pediatrician and clarified the tormenting question. According to her, there should be no allergies in principle, but in particular, to chicken protein, antibiotics and something else that we do not have. In general, check with your pediatrician in advance for all possible contraindications. "

Sima about diaper rash:

“I’m Misha, and I also poured powder on top of him. A day later, the rash was gone. Only slight redness remains. It is already possible to anoint him with zinc ointment. I forgot the main thing: after I washed Misha, I dried his ass with warm air from a hairdryer. Everything helped us a lot. "

Eugene about chickenpox:

“We got together with my family at sea, and my son fell ill with chickenpox one day before the trip (and for the second time)! I had to leave him at home with my dad. When his temperature dropped, then dad brought him to us (even with specks of green stuff). My daughter and I were worried that we could also get infected, but after the water procedures in the sea, we stopped being afraid, and on the second day all traces of the sores disappeared from my son. Here"!

Don't play with fire

Dear parents, do not self-medicate! For any alarming symptoms, see your doctor!

Neonatal rash and prickly heat are not dangerous for the baby and others.
A rash appeared - run to the doctor.
If you suspect or confirm any of the infectious diseases, communication with others is prohibited.
You can't wait for the rash to clear up on its own.
Self-medication is not acceptable.

thanks

The site provides background information for informational purposes only. Diagnosis and treatment of diseases must be carried out under the supervision of a specialist. All drugs have contraindications. A specialist consultation is required!

Causes

Rash on the body of babies can be caused by many diseases. Moreover, some of them pose a real threat to life. Therefore, it is necessary to show the child to the doctor even with the smallest rashes.

Transient vascular phenomenon in a newborn

The formation of all functions of the child's body causes changes in the state of the skin. There are two completely physiological conditions, accompanied by a rash in newborn babies:

Marbling of skin color,
Fast passing discoloration of the skin.

Views

A rash is a violation of the color or quality of the skin in certain areas. There are many types of this phenomenon. Rashes are quite often observed on the body and face of people of any age, but the child's skin is very delicate, therefore, it is more prone to rashes.
In the first months after birth, the baby's skin is constantly changing. Some changes are physiological and not dangerous, and some can be caused by infections or malfunction of any organs.

Derma marbling- This is a change in the color of the skin of the entire body and limbs of the child, which is the body's response to a decrease in temperature. Usually, when the body is warmed, the spots disappear immediately. This phenomenon can be observed up to six months of age and is normal. It does not require any special measures.

A rapidly passing change in skin color - it is noticeable in those cases when a naked baby lies on one side and is turned over on the other. One side becomes more pink, while the other, on the contrary, becomes paler. The color changes very quickly, literally before our eyes, and normalizes in a few minutes. The color of the skin evens out faster if the child is crying or actively moving. This phenomenon is observed only in every tenth baby born on time, and most often parents do not pay attention to him. You can notice a change in skin color from the first days of a baby's life, and the phenomenon passes by the age of one month. Pediatricians explain this phenomenon by the formation of the hypothalamus, which is responsible for the expansion of small vessels.

Toxic erythema- this phenomenon is observed in 55% of newborns and occurs in babies born on time with normal body weight. Signs of toxic erythema can be detected both immediately at birth and after two to three days.
With toxic erythema, red swollen spots up to 3 millimeters in size appear on the baby's body, as well as bubbles that gradually take on the form of "mosquito bites." Usually, rashes are observed on the face, arms and legs, and the body. The feet and palms of the child are not affected by rashes of this kind.

During the neonatal period, a vesicular-pustular rash is the result of infection with herpes, candida, staphylococcus, or other pathogenic infections.

To determine the pathogen, an analysis of the contents of the bubbles is taken. Most often, rashes do not affect the baby's condition and disappear on their own in a week or less. But sometimes they can make him feel worse and not last longer. Despite this, erythema is not dangerous for the health and life of the child and does not require special therapy.

Transient pustular melanosis
This phenomenon is five times more common in babies of the Negroid race ( in 5% versus 1% in babies with white skin color). The rash in this case is a pigmented rash, like large freckles. The skin does not redden. At first, the skin becomes covered with red spots and blisters, which burst after a while and "freckles" appear in their place, which become discolored on their own after about a month.

Hormonal acne in newborns
This phenomenon is observed in approximately every fifth newborn baby. These are usually closed comedones that cover the cheeks and forehead, rarely they are bubbles, red pimples, or open comedones.
It is believed that these rashes appear when the child's sebaceous glands increase, caused by male sex hormones obtained from the mother's body or produced in the child's body. This is a temporary phenomenon that disappears on its own without a trace. Most often, newborn acne is not treated with anything. But sometimes, if they are too abundant, the skin is smeared with benzoyl peroxide ointment. Before use, a tolerance test should be performed by lubricating a small area of the baby's skin at the inner bend of the elbow. If acne does not disappear for a long time, this may indicate an increase in the work of the adrenal glands and other metabolic disorders.

Sebaceous cysts
These are yellowish or white bubbles with a diameter of up to 2 millimeters, which are formed when the secretion of the sebaceous glands in the skin is inhibited. This phenomenon is observed in half of the children of the neonatal period. They usually appear on the face, but rarely appear on the mucous membranes, genitals and limbs. Sebaceous cysts do not need to be treated with anything, they will pass on their own no later than three months of age.

Prickly heat
This type of rash occurs when sweat cannot pass through the ducts and is inhibited in the sweat glands. The work of sweat glands and ducts in babies of the neonatal period is still imperfect, therefore prickly heat is a fairly common phenomenon. It is observed in 4 children out of 10 born. Most often observed in the first four weeks after birth. At the same time, the rash may be red, or it may resemble millet grains.

Since the disease usually goes away on its own and does not affect the overall well-being of the baby at all, no treatment is carried out. Medicines are used only in special cases. Many moms and dads are confused by the ugly crusts on the head of the child. They can be easily removed with a soft brush after bathing and applying an emollient cream. The crusts are removed very quickly and effectively even after the treatment of the skin with vegetable oil.
Some doctors prescribe shampoos with tar or selenium sulfide. However, these funds should not be used for their own purposes.

Hemorrhagic

If the rash is caused by a vascular or blood disease, it has a hemorrhagic character, which means small hemorrhages between the layers of the dermis. Such rashes can be small and large, they can look like bruises from dark purple to yellow, and can be scattered all over the body with small "spider veins".
Such symptoms should alert parents and serve as a reason to visit a doctor.

When teething

When teething occurs, many babies suffer from excessive salivation. Since saliva almost constantly flows from the mouth and further along the chin, it becomes covered with a small red rash.
If you constantly gently blot the corners of the baby's mouth and chin with a soft tissue, the rash will not appear.
In some children, against the background of teething, an allergic rash worsens. This will be discussed in more detail later.

Allergic

This type of rash usually appears suddenly. Often, along with the rash, the child suffers from the flow of tears and rhinitis. He tries to scratch areas covered with a rash, as they usually itch intensely. An allergy rash is very clearly visible, it protrudes above the surface of the skin.
Elimination of the allergen helps with this scourge, as well as the intake of an antihistamine ( by doctor's prescription).

From antibiotics

Rash and other allergic manifestations are observed in approximately 1% of patients. Urticaria and contact allergic dermatitis are most common when topical antibiotics are used. Sulfonamides and beta-lactams are more likely to provoke urticaria. Rashes appear a few hours after the first intake of the drug and almost immediately disappear after stopping its use.

Contact allergic dermatitis manifests itself as reddening of the skin, burning, itching, and the appearance of small blisters on the skin. If the drug is used for the first time, manifestations may appear after five to seven days. If it was used before, then dermatitis can develop on the very first day. To eliminate the symptoms of the disease, you should cancel the antibiotic ointment and treat the affected areas with glucocorticoid preparations ( by doctor's prescription).

After vaccination

Allergic rashes similar to nettle burns are related to local reactions to vaccinations and are often observed.
But if a rash appears on large areas of the body, then this is already a general reaction of the body.

There are three likely causes of a rash after vaccination.
1. The components of the vaccine multiply in the skin.
2. Allergy to any component of the vaccine.
3. The vaccine caused bleeding.

If the vaccine is not inactivated, then mild rashes are a normal reaction of the body to the introduction of foreign microbes. This is typical of measles, rubella, and mumps vaccines.

A rash with small dots may be due to a decrease in the number of platelets in the blood. This happens after rubella vaccination, but very rarely. But the same points may indicate that vaccination provoked the development of vasculitis - this is a severe autoimmune disorder that affects the vascular walls.

In some cases, the vaccine provokes a specific reaction of the body, for example, this happens after the measles vaccination: five to ten days after the vaccine is administered, the body may become covered with a rash, which quickly passes. The body temperature may also increase.

Temperature with scarlet fever

Scarlet fever is a highly contagious infectious disease, the main symptoms of which are a sharp increase in body temperature, small rashes and inflammation of the glands. The disease develops under the influence of streptococcus. Babies from two to seven years old are more susceptible to scarlet fever. Scarlet fever is more common in the cold season.

The source of infection is a sick person who secretes pathogens with the smallest particles of saliva and bronchial mucus during sneezing, coughing and even talking. The incubation period is two to seven days. After that, the child's body temperature rises sharply to 39 - 40 degrees, the state of health worsens, the throat hurts. Rashes can be observed from the end of the first day. The spots appear on the neck, shoulders, chest and back, after which they cover the entire skin in a short time. The most intense rashes are on the lateral surfaces of the body, the abdomen, and the inner surfaces of the elbows. Eruptions of a bright color, very small and closely spaced. Often the skin itches.

Rashes on the face are very characteristic, which cover it densely, leaving only the nasolabial triangle clean, called scarlet fever. After 7 - 9 days, the rash turns pale, the skin begins to peel off. The earlobes, neck, fingertips, feet and palms are the first to peel off. The skin is completely cleansed in 15 - 20 days.

Vomiting with chickenpox

This is a very common viral disease that most often affects babies under the age of 6. The virus is transmitted only from a sick person, since in the external environment he lives only 10 minutes, does not tolerate ultraviolet radiation and high temperatures. Therefore, children in kindergartens and elementary schools are most often infected. The danger of the disease is that the sick person begins to spread the infection two days before the first symptoms appear.

The child's temperature rises to 38 - 39 degrees, he is lethargic, and vomiting often occurs. In the very first hours, the body is covered with small vesicles up to 5 mm in diameter. The skin around the bubble turns red. First, there is a clear liquid inside the bubbles, which becomes cloudy in a day, the middle of the vesicle shrinks and a crust appears. After a week, two crusts dry up and fall off by themselves. In place of each bubble, a red spot remains for a fairly long time. If you knock off the crust ahead of time, a crack will remain. The blisters are usually very itchy. If they form on the mucous membranes, the child may cough.

The first rashes appear on the head, face, then on the body and, finally, on the arms and legs. In some cases, they even appear on the mucous membranes of the mouth and eyes. Vesicles never form on the feet and palms.
A feature characteristic of this particular disease is that when new bubbles appear, the child's temperature may rise.

With measles

This is a viral infection, the incubation period of the disease is on average 10 days, but can vary from 9 days to 3 weeks. A distinctive feature of measles is that some signs of malaise appear in the baby already during the incubation period: he does not eat well, is lethargic, his eyes are red, coughs and sneezes. Sometimes the body temperature rises.

With the onset of the clinical period of the disease, the temperature rises to 38 - 39 degrees, rhinitis is already clearly visible, the child coughs in a special rude way, reminiscent of a dog barking. He has a swollen and red mucous membrane of his eyes, tears flow from his eyes and pus is released. The child's eyes hurt, he cannot look at bright light.

Against the background of the above, a rash appears, called measles enanthema. These are small red spots in the mouth, on the palate. In addition, on the inside of the oral mucosa, you can see whitish grains, similar to semolina. It is these whitish spots that clearly indicate measles - this is a very characteristic sign of the disease.

But all these spots on the mucous membranes disappear as soon as a rash appears on the body. The child's temperature rises again and the general condition worsens.
The rash covers the entire surface of the body, it is very small, but can coalesce. Near the rash are bubbles up to 2 millimeters in diameter, around which the skin turns red and forms a spot a centimeter in diameter. Sometimes, with a severe course of the disease, the skin becomes covered with small hemorrhages.
The body is covered with a rash for 3 days. First the neck and face, then the body, the upper parts of the legs and arms, then the feet. The face, shoulders, chest and neck are more densely covered with a rash.

After 4 days, the rash becomes less bright, in the places of the rash, the skin peels off and darkens. 5 days after the first rash, the child's body temperature decreases and his condition returns to normal. For about 10-14 days, traces of rashes can be seen on the body, after which the skin is completely cleansed.

With meningitis

The course of meningitis differs depending on what kind of pathogen provoked it. A rash with meningitis in babies under the age of 3 is very rare and most often affects the back of the throat. Most often, these rashes are caused by meningococci.

If microorganisms are transferred by blood to other parts of the body, the skin may become covered with bright red rashes. These rashes are of a hemorrhagic nature and represent hemorrhages from the capillaries. They indicate infection of the body with the causative agent of meningitis.

These rashes differ in that they most often cover the buttocks, thighs and back. They look like stars or irregular spots. This disease is very dangerous, therefore, at the slightest suspicion, you should immediately call a doctor or an ambulance.

With mononucleosis

Infectious mononucleosis is a disease that occurs more often in children from 3 to 16 years old. It is transmitted by airborne droplets. The pathogen affects the lymph nodes and all lymphoid tissues of the body, including the spleen, tonsils and sometimes even

Rashes in children differ in location, color and shape. A sudden onset of a rash on a child's body may be a sign of an infectious disease. Perhaps the cause is allergic dermatitis. The localization of the rash depends on the place of contact with the irritating substance, the body's response to infection and the action of physical factors (solar radiation, temperature).

The rash in different children in the case of the same diagnosis is significantly different. The appearance of outwardly similar elements is often due to completely different reasons. Therefore, it is important to pay attention to the whole complex of signs: the location of the rash, shape, color, the presence of other symptoms.

Causes of the formation of a rash in childhood:

Viral infections that cause measles, rubella, chickenpox, shingles herpes simplex, sudden exanthema.
Fungal infection - dermatomycosis, trichophytosis, microsporia, candidiasis.
Bacterial infections - scarlet fever, impetigo, erysipelas.
Allergic reactions to food, medicine, pollen.
Autoimmune diseases such as eczema and psoriasis.
Diseases of the internal organs.
Atopic dermatitis.
Seborrheic dermatitis.
Vitamin deficiency.
Pink versicolor.
Toxoplasmosis.
Toxidermia.

High fever, cough, vomiting, severe red or pink rash all over the body are symptoms of many infectious diseases.

Rash on different parts of the body in children - an overview

Redness on the face is observed in babies with angina, ARVI. During treatment, a rash may appear due to an allergy to antipyretic or antibacterial drugs.

Redness, nodules and crusts on the cheeks and chin, on the eyelids - an allergic reaction to medicines or food.
Red dots, specks, bubbles, first on the face, then throughout the body - infectious diseases.
Small and large spots, blisters, blisters on the face, on the arm or on the bottom - a reaction to the vaccine.
Red spots, papules on the arms below the elbow and on the legs below the knees - allergic dermatitis.
Bright dots and red "stars" are the consequences of influenza, ARVI, occurring with a high temperature.
Papules and vesicles in the area of the armpits, on the chest - shingles.
Nodular eruptions and blisters between the fingers on the hands, on the wrist, in the navel - scabies.
Redness between the toes or hands, peeling on the feet and palms - skin fungus.
Multiple small rashes on the back of the baby's head, around the neck and in the folds of the body - prickly heat.
Red vesicles on the baby's body - toxic erythema, pemphigus of newborns.
Dry rash on the forearms and thighs - follicular hyperkeratosis ("goose bumps").
Red spots, unpleasant odor in the folds of the body - diaper rash, dermatomycosis, candidiasis.
Plaques, peeling in the area of the elbow and knee folds - eczema, psoriasis.
Elongated blisters on the arms, back, legs - mechanical urticaria.
Large red spots, blisters, crusts on the face and extremities - eczema.
Small spots, papules on the legs and arms - insect bites, dermatitis.

Ring-shaped spots, surrounded by a roller of vesicles and scales, with pink skin in the center appear when a fungal infection is infected. Varieties of the disease - trichophytosis, microsporia. Such lesions are popularly called ringworm. A rash on the head, arms and legs is localized. Pink lichen spots are usually located on the sides of the body.

How to find out the likely cause of the disease by the type and color of the rash?

Areas of the baby's body that are experiencing overheating are rubbed with a diaper and clothes, turn red, and become covered with a rash - prickly heat. Dots, spots and bumps often appear on the hands as a result of an allergic reaction. The typical localization of rashes with eczema, seborrheic dermatitis is the face.

Spots and bubbles form as a result of viral infestation. The causative agent goes through an incubation period in the body, so the rashes are formed and then disappear after a certain period of time, characteristic of the infectious agent. A small rash on a child's body with angina, flu, ARVI is secondary and rarely appears.

A white rash on the child's body is formed as a result of hormonal changes, hypovitaminosis, excessive activity of the sebaceous glands. Pimples, "goose bumps" are the result of keratin accumulation in hair follicles on the body. Hyperkeratosis is associated with the characteristics of the skin and metabolic disorders in the body.

The range of possible causes of rash in newborns is relatively small. A small, colorless rash in the form of nodules appears on the face of babies in the first month after birth as a reaction to maternal hormones remaining in the body. Neonatal acne does not need treatment; it disappears on its own in a few days or weeks.

"Sweating" is called a small-sized red rash on the body of a child in the first year of life in places of folds, friction with a diaper, linen. Rashes during teething are accompanied by fever, anxiety, and poor appetite. A rash in such cases usually appears on the neck, painted in bright colors.

Allergic dermatoses are characterized by the appearance of red spots, pink nodules and blisters. The skin itches, the child does not sleep well, loses appetite. Bright rashes in children under one year old are associated with improper introduction of complementary foods, the body's reaction to allergens in new foods.

Irritants can be a wide variety of substances, physical and climatic factors. Cases of allergic rashes in babies who were treated with antibiotics have become more frequent. The skin of children in swimming pools reacts to increased concentrations of antiseptics in the water.

A blemish rash

Roseola and small spots all over the body are formed with scarlet fever. This disease of a bacterial nature proceeds against the background of fever, deterioration of the general condition. In recent decades, the number of cases has dropped sharply due to preventive measures.

The formation of small and large-spotted rashes is characteristic of allergic dermatitis, eczema, ringworm and other types of lichen, photodermatitis. Children's skin is much more sensitive to high doses of ultraviolet radiation. After excessive exposure to the sun on the sea, the baby develops erythema, small blisters appear on unprotected areas of the body.

It is necessary to gradually accustom the child's body to ultraviolet light, sunbathe before and after noon.

Photodermatitis - hypersensitivity to UV radiation. A type of allergy manifests itself a few hours after exposure to the sun. The typical localization of the rash is the shoulders, forearms, back of the neck, arms and face.

Papular eruptions

A colorless rash on the face and hands is characteristic of neurodermatitis, contact dermatitis. On the elbows and knees of a patient with psoriasis, papules merge with each other and form plaques. Rashes with neurodermatitis, eczema, psoriasis occur due to a genetic predisposition to such a reaction of the body to stimuli. The affected skin becomes dry, reddened, and itchy.

Causes of neurodermatitis in children:

reduced body resistance to infectious agents;
toxins, including those secreted by worms;
diseases of internal organs;
metabolic disorders;
the presence of foci of infection;
medicinal substances;
improper nutrition.

Disorders at the level of the nervous system are connected. With a diffuse form of neurodermatitis, a rash appears on the hands, on the face. The disease is accompanied by increased fatigue, apathy. First of all, it is necessary to identify the irritant and protect the child from contact with him.

Parents who know how to treat allergies can apply their experience in the case of dermatitis in a child. Hormonal ointments are applied (Lokoid, Hyoksizon, Sinaflan). Combined preparations of a corticosteroid + antibiotic are used in case of infection of the affected area. The skin is healed with Bepanten ointment and Dexpanthenol cream. To soften and disinfect, make baths with sea salt, healing clay. Lubricate the affected areas with tincture of calendula or mint. Antihistamines are taken by mouth.

Urticaria - a type of dermatitis of allergic origin

The hallmark is a rash of raised blisters that tend to fuse. In early childhood, urticaria or urticaria is acute, accompanied by excruciating itching, local fever, general malaise, weakness. A flesh-colored nettle rash in a child suddenly appears on any part of the body, persisting from several hours to several days. In case of angioedema in the throat and mouth, the child needs immediate medical attention.

Causes of urticaria - polyethological dermatosis:

external influences (heat, cold, pressure);
influenza infection, pharyngitis, otitis media;
preservatives and dyes in food;
helminths, protozoal infection;
medicines;
physical exercise;
food products;
insect bites;
overheating, cold;
stress.

Urticaria is not spread from a sick person to a healthy person. The skin reaction to stimuli manifests itself in response to mechanical action on the skin (friction, pressure, combing insect bites). This form of the disease is called "mechanical urticaria".

A rare form of urticaria - cholinergic - is manifested by hyperemia of the skin of the face, neck, chest. Redness is observed just a few minutes or within an hour after swimming in hot water, increased sweating, physical and emotional stress. The child feels severe itching of the skin. A pale rash is formed, consisting of blisters of various shapes. Usually, when examining a patient, the allergen is not detected. The provoking factor for the development of the cholinergic form is the mediator acetylcholine, produced by the body itself.

Urticaria treatment

If a child has a rash, then they give antihistamines. Cooling gels, anti-allergic ointments are applied externally. Dermatologists recommend combining the intake of an antihistamine by mouth with the external use of a cream or gel with the same active ingredient. Parents fear that such treatment will make the child drowsy and reduce academic performance. Antihistamines "Fenistil", "Claritin", "Erius", "Zyrtek" have almost no sedative effect, they are better tolerated.

Histamine is released by mast cells in the blood and tissues to help the immune system defend the body against pathogens and toxins. However, in some people, allergies result in an overreaction to harmless substances. Antihistamines block histamine receptors, prevent or relieve itching, swelling, skin redness, and watery eyes.

Antihistamines are most effective for treating rash in acute urticaria. In chronic urticaria, such drugs help only 50% of patients.

Antiallergic and anti-inflammatory effects are possessed by corticosteroid ointments. Externally applied drugs "Fenistil-gel", creams and ointments "Elokom", "Locoid", "Advantan", "Sinaflan", "Flucinar". Children are given enterosorbents to drink, for example, Enteros-gel or Lactofiltrum. Dietary supplements with lacto- and bifidobacteria are also taken internally.

Outwardly: warm baths and trays, lotions with baking soda, infusions of succession, sage, chamomile.
Inside: tea drinks with black currant leaves, garden raspberries, rose hips, infusion of licorice root, nettle, fresh juice of carrots, beets.

Treat the rash and remove potential allergens from the child's environment. Household dust, fungi, dry fish food belong to this group. Citrus fruits, nuts, chocolate, whole milk, white bread and confectionery are excluded from the patient's diet.

Treating eczema

The translation of the name of the disease from ancient Greek sounds very simple - "skin rash". Infant eczema or atopic dermatitis appears before 6 months of age. On the child's cheeks, dense red spots are formed that do not have clear boundaries. The disease is manifested by itching, inflammation and dry skin on the face, on the wrists, under the knees.

Redness, blisters, crusts, cracks in the skin are observed with all types of eczema.

The acute phase in the idiopathic form of the disease is manifested by the formation of many vesicles. They open up, weeping begins, after which crusts and spots remain. Typical localization of true eczema is the face, hands, forearms, feet and knees. Rashes appear symmetrically on the body.

Idiopathic, true eczema is the same as weeping lichen, chronic itchy dermatosis. A rough rash on the body of a one-year-old child is located on the face, arms and legs, on the chest and buttocks. Such stages of the eczematous process as erythema, vesicles, erosion, crusts are noted.

Causes:

allergies to substances in food, mites, dust, mold, climate change;
diseases of the digestive system, endocrine system;
hereditary predisposition;
stress, psycho-emotional trauma.

With the transition of the disease into a chronic course, the skin thickens, flakes off. Symptoms are aggravated in a climate unsuitable for a child, with excessive dry air. The influence of constant or seasonal action of allergens is noted.

Therapeutic methods and means:

Antihistamines that relieve itching and inflammation of the skin and mucous membranes.
Resorcinol solution for cooling and astringent lotions.
Antiallergic ointments, antiseptic solutions.
Valerian tincture and other sedatives.
Enterosorbents for cleansing the body of the allergen.
Oral diuretics to reduce swelling.
Hormonal ointments (GCS).
Physiotherapy.

Topical corticosteroids have anti-inflammatory and antitoxic effects. GCS are a part of Lokoid, Dermozolone, Ftorocort and Sikorten ointments. Combined products contain GCS and an antibiotic, are used for microbial eczema. Belong to this group of ointments "Kortomycetin", "Gyoksizon".

Ulcerative rash

Diseases of a viral nature are often accompanied by stomatitis and a rash on the body of a child, especially a small child. Vesilovirus - the causative agent of enteroviral vesicular stomatitis - is capable of affecting the skin of the whole body, mucous membranes of the nose, oropharynx. The source of infection is sick people, insects are carriers.

After the incubation period, flu-like symptoms occur, the body temperature rises. A watery ulcerative rash appears on the inner surface of the lips, on the cheeks. Vesicles can also form on the baby's body. Treatment of the affected mucous membrane in the mouth is carried out with Kamistad gel, Lugol's solution. Preparations "Miramistin", "Cholisal" are applied in accordance with the instructions in the package.

If you do not know how infectious skin diseases and allergic rashes in children differ from each other, photos of these pathologies will help to distinguish one from the other.

In the article we will tell you in detail about allergic rashes, their characteristic signs and methods of treatment.

Why does an allergic rash appear on a child's skin?

Skin rashes often appear in children from birth to 7 years of age. This is largely due to the fact that during this period the immune system of infants is still being formed.

Violations in her work are often accompanied by swelling, hyperemia (redness of the skin) and / or rash.

Most often, an allergic rash appears due to:

medicines (the child's body can react negatively to individual components in the medicines);
breastfeeding if the mother does not follow a diet (for example, is fond of chocolate, citrus fruits, honey, strawberries);
household chemicals (washing powder, baby soap or baby cream, dishwashing liquid);
allergic dermatoses (plants or animals, thorny or poisonous);
natural factors (for example, prolonged exposure to the sun);
infections (non-cellular infectious agents).

The rash can appear only on the face or "go" all over the body.

What does a child's skin allergy look like?

Allergic reactions in babies can be different. Depending on what caused it, you have to deal with a food allergy or a viral one.

In many cases, exanthema appears on the child's body (this is how various manifestations of allergic rashes are called):

pustules (filled with pus);
plaques;
spots;
vesicles (filled with fluid);
blisters (large vesicles larger than 0.5 cm).

With food allergies in babies, rashes can be found primarily on the cheeks and near the mouth. If the allergy is contact, then the rash will appear in the place to which the allergen touched.

If the baby's immune system reacted negatively to plant pollen, then instead of acne, there may be hyperemia (redness) and swelling of the face.

A photo, better than any words, will allow parents to understand what an allergy looks like, what they may face. We will give a brief description of some types of allergic rashes that appear in children under one year of age and older.

*Type of rash*	*a brief description of*	Cause
Allergic dermatitis	A small red rash "spreads" all over the body. In these places, the skin becomes dry, peeling, cracks, ulcers may occur.	Weak immunity or contact with an irritant.
Hives	Outwardly, it resembles blisters that appear after contact with a thorny plant of the same name. The rash "wanders" over the body, appears now on the hands, then on the face, then on the folds of the arms and legs. It may be itchy, but there is no relief after scratching.	The reaction of the child's body to certain foods (chocolate, honey, eggs, citrus fruits).
Neurodermatitis	Outwardly it resembles psoriasis. Characteristic signs are severe flaking. May become chronic.	Food allergies, weak immunity.
Eczema	Small sores of red color or small pimples. It is a chronic form, therefore it can disappear, then reappear. It appears first on the face, then on the arms and legs.	Infectious diseases, household chemicals, dermatitis.

Allergy to food (sweets, citrus fruits), medicines and antibiotics manifests itself in different ways. To understand what is what the following table will help:

*Allergen*	*The nature of the rash*
Sweets (chocolate (peanuts, sugar, milk powder) and honey)	Acne, hives, small rashes around the mouth appear. With sugar intolerance, the little patient develops spots that itch strongly. With honey intolerance - swelling, thirst, shortness of breath, red spots on the face.
Medicines	In the injection sites or on the arms, legs, abdomen and back of the baby (if the medicine was instilled in the child's mouth), red spots appear, resembling a mosquito bite. Sometimes they swell, begin to itch a lot. If spots and pimples appear on the feet and palms, then this is an infection and will require different treatment.
Antibiotics	The child has a reaction to antibiotics immediately after taking the drug. An allergic rash in the form of red spots covers the face and body of the baby. These patches do not itch like contact dermatitis. Sometimes there is a temperature (appears for no apparent reason). Bubbles with liquid inside may appear instead of stains.

How is allergy diagnosed?

Allergic rash in children is often confused with infectious. If the treatment is wrong, then the consequences of such a therapeutic course will not be the best.

Before choosing an effective remedy, you need to learn how to distinguish one disease from another. An accurate diagnosis can only be made by a doctor, since a visual examination is not always enough to determine the cause of the disease; tests are required.

The differences between an allergic rash in children and an infectious disease are presented in the table:

Features	Allergic rash	Infection
General form	It can be in the form of both small dots and large blisters. In addition to them, there are often crusts, erosion and serous wells (ulcers from which fluid oozes).	The eruptions are punctate, they do not "merge" into a large spot.
Place of appearance	Face (forehead, cheeks, chin). Neck, arms, legs, buttocks. Rarely - stomach, back.	Belly, back. Rarely - arms, legs. Very rarely - the forehead.
Heat	The temperature is rare, and if it rises, then no higher than 37-38 ° C.	The disease is accompanied by a temperature, from 37 ° C to 41 ° C.
Itching	It happens.	It happens.
Puffiness	It is clearly visible. In some situations, it is life-threatening.	They are very rare.
Associated symptoms	Lachrymation, conjunctivitis, hyperemia of the mucous membrane of the eye, decreased pressure, cough, indigestion.	Nasal flow, general loss of strength, body aches.
How fast does it go	The rash often clears up immediately after taking the drug.	Remains until the course of treatment is completed.

What medications are used to treat an allergic rash?

When children develop an allergic rash on the skin, it is strictly forbidden to squeeze out pimples or open blisters. It is necessary to explain to the child that it is also impossible to comb the sores.

If it is still too small, make sure that it does not touch the wounds with dirty hands. He can get an infection, and this will only worsen his condition.

Treatment of rashes in children is selected depending on the type of disease. Parents who do not know how to treat an allergic rash in children should not select medications on their own.

*Allergic rash*	*Medications*	*Drug-free treatment*
Allergic dermatitis	To relieve symptoms, Suprastin or Erius are prescribed.	Eliminate contact with irritant. Bathing the child in water with the addition of chamomile or sage decoctions. Physical therapy, peace and positive emotions will also help the baby.
Hives	Children are prescribed antiallergic drugs: Suprastin, Tavegil.
Neurodermatitis	The doctor recommends: sorbents("Lactofiltrum" or activated carbon); sedative(you can make a decoction of lemon balm); ointment that has a cooling effect(for example, Fenistil gel).
Eczema	Good help: antiallergic drugs (for example, "Suprastin"); immunostimulants (for example, echinacea tincture); sorbents ("Laktofiltrum", activated carbon).

How quickly does an allergic rash go away in children?

There is no single answer to the question of how long it will take to deal with allergic rashes in children. Much depends on the type and nature of the course of the disease.

For example, a food allergy, if it occurs in a baby or a one-year-old baby, disappears within one week. It is enough just to remove an allergenic product from the diet of a nursing mother.

Those children who develop hives or allergic dermatitis will have to suffer for seven days. It is more difficult to deal with eczema and neurodermatitis.

These diseases bother for 14 days and often become chronic. This means that an allergic reaction may appear more than once.

Treatment should be started at the first appearance of a small, pale rash. If you do not pay attention to it in the hope that “everything will go away by itself,” then the therapeutic course may take a long time and turn out to be ineffective.

What is done to prevent allergic rash in children?

Preventive measures will prevent your child from developing an allergic rash. Doctors give the following recommendations:

Make sure that the baby does not come into contact with the allergen (remove allergenic foods from his diet; if necessary, change the baby powder, soap or dishwashing liquid.
Maintain order in his room, do wet cleaning regularly.
If there are pets in the house, keep them clean.
Strengthen the baby's immunity (walk more often, play sports).
Do not violate the doctor's recommendations for taking medications.

Conclusion

An allergic rash in children under one year old and at an older age appears for various reasons. Food, medicine, and household chemicals are often allergenic.

Allergies can be of different types and look different. It is easy to confuse it with an infectious disease. It is important to correctly diagnose and quickly find an effective treatment.

At the first suspicion of allergic manifestations, you need to show the child to the doctor. Self-medication may be ineffective: there is a high risk of harming the baby, not helping.

Video

How to figure out what kind of rash a child has? Below you will find a photo with explanations of the main skin diseases in children.

Have you been caught off guard by baby rashes under diapers or red dots on your baby's palms more than once? Now you will not have any questions about what kind of rash your child has.

Rash in children: photo with explanations

How to distinguish acne with chickenpox from a pustular rash, and atopic dermatitis from allergies - see the photo and read the explanations for them in our material.

Baby acne

Small white pimples tend to appear on the cheeks and sometimes on the forehead, chin, and even the back of a newborn. May be surrounded by reddish skin. Acne can appear from the first days to 4 weeks of age.

Toxic erythema
The rash is characterized by small yellow or white rashes on the reddened area of the skin. It can appear anywhere on a child's body. The rash by itself disappears in two weeks, often occurs in newborns, usually on the 2nd to 5th day of their life.

Infectious erythema (Fifth disease)
In the initial stage, fever, aches and cold symptoms appear, and in the following days, bright pink spots appear on the cheeks and a red itchy rash on the chest and feet.

Most often, this rash occurs in preschoolers and first graders.

Folliculitis
Pimples or crusty pustules develop around the hair follicles. They are usually located on the neck, armpit, or groin. Rarely found in children under 2 years of age.

Rash on the hands, feet and around the mouth
Characterized by fever, lack of appetite, sore throat, and painful blistering wounds in the mouth. The rash can occur on the feet, palms, and sometimes on the buttocks. Initially, the rash appears as small, flat, red dots that may develop into bumps or blisters. Happens at any age, but is most common among preschoolers.

Hives
Raised, red, itchy patches of skin may appear and disappear on their own. Usually they appear from several hours to several days, but there are times when it lasts up to weeks or months. They can appear at any age. The cause of the raspberry is an allergic reaction to some kind of allergen.

Impetigo
Small red bumps that may itch. They often appear near the nose and mouth, but can spread to other areas of the body. Over time, the bumps become ulcers, which can poke up and become covered with a soft yellow-brown crust. As a result, the baby may have a fever and swelling of the lymph nodes in the neck. Most often, impetigo occurs in children from 2 to 6 years old.

Jaundice
The rash in children is characterized by a yellow skin tone. In dark-skinned children, jaundice can be identified by the whites of the eyes, palms, or feet. It is most common in babies in the first and second weeks of life, as well as in premature babies.

Measles
This disease begins with fever, runny nose, red watery eyes and cough. After a few days, small red dots with a white base appear on the inside of the cheeks, and then the rash appears on the face, spreads to the chest and back, arms and legs with feet. At the initial stage, the rash has a flat red character, gradually becoming lumpy and itchy. This continues for about 5 days, and then the rash takes on a brown tint, the skin dries up and begins to peel off. Most common among children who are not vaccinated against measles.

Mile
Miles are small white or yellow bumps on the nose, chin, and cheeks. Common in newborns. Symptoms resolve on their own within a few weeks.

Molluscum contagiosum
The rash is hemispherical. In color, they are the same as normal skin coloration or slightly pinker, having a pinkish-orange tint with a pearlescent top. In the middle of the hemisphere there is an indentation, somewhat reminiscent of a human navel.

It is unusual for children under one year old.

Papular urticaria
These are small raised rashes on the skin that become firm and reddish-brown over time. They occur at the site of old insect bites and are usually accompanied by severe itching. They can appear at any age.

Poison ivy or sumac
Initially, small patches or links of swollen and itchy red patches appear on the skin. The manifestation occurs after 12-48 hours from the moment of contact with a poisonous plant, but there are cases of the appearance of a rash within a week after contact. Over time, the rash develops into a blister and crusts. Sumy is not typical for children under one year old.

Rubella
As a rule, the first symptom is a sharp rise in temperature (39.4), which does not subside for the first 3-5 days. Then a pink rash appears on the torso and neck, later spreading to the arms, legs, and face. The child may be nervous, vomit, or show symptoms of diarrhea. It most often occurs between the ages of 6 months and 3 years.

Ringworm
A rash in the form of one or more red rings, ranging in size from a penny in denominations of 10 to 25 kopecks. The rings are usually dry and scaly at the edges and smooth in the center, and can grow over time. It can also appear as dandruff or small patches on the scalp. The most common occurrence is 2 years of age and older.

Rubella measles
A bright pink rash that appears first on the face, and then spreads to the whole body and lasts 2-3 days. However, the child may have a fever, swollen lymph nodes behind the ears, a stuffy nose or runny nose, headache, and sore throat. Vaccination reduces the risk of contracting rubella.

Scabies
Red rashes, which are accompanied by severe itching, usually occur between the fingers, around the wrist, in the armpits and under the diaper, around the elbows. It can also appear on the kneecap, palms, soles, scalp, or face. The rash can provoke the appearance of white or red mesh marks, as well as the appearance of small blisters on the skin around the rash. Itching is most intense after taking a hot bath or at night, preventing the baby from sleeping. It can occur at any age.

Scarlet fever
The rash begins as hundreds of tiny red dots on the armpits, neck, chest, and groin and quickly spreads throughout the body. The rash feels like sandpaper and can be itchy. Also, it can be accompanied by fever and redness of the throat. In the early stages of infection, the tongue may have a white or yellowish coating that later turns red. Roughness on the tongue increases and gives the appearance of a rash. This condition is commonly referred to as strawberry tongue. Your baby's tonsils may be swollen and red. As the rash disappears, peeling of the skin occurs, especially in the groin area and on the hands. Scarlet fever is rare in children under 2 years of age.

Warts
Small, seed-like bumps appear one at a time or in groups, usually on the arms, but can spread to the entire body. Warts are usually skin-tinted, but may be slightly lighter or darker, with a black dot in the middle. Small, flat warts can appear all over the body, but in children they are most often found on the face.
There are also plantar warts.

Such defects disappear on their own, but this process can take from several months to several years. Warts are not typical for children under 2 years of age.