Dreams and dreams Scientific work. Research work "Sleeping in a person's life

Date: 08.03.2020

Municipal secondary school "Secondary school with. Mizino-Lapshinovka "

Research

work on the topic:

"Sleep is a human health!"

Performed:

Sopotina Kristina Anatolyevna

Graduate student 8

Head

Mizinova Svetlana

Gennadievna

Position

Senior guy

2013

Table of contents
I. . Introduction
II. . Sleep and his physiology 1. Physiological meaning of sleep 2. Biological meaning of sleep 3. Sleep mechanism. His varieties. 4. Functions of fast sleep and dreams 5. The most common forms of sleep disorder. 6. Research results 7. Tips for healthy sleep
III . Conclusion

I. . Introduction
"Who knows the secret of sleep, he knows the secret of the brain. " M. Zhuva.

Sleep is an integral part of the life of people. A person cannot be in a state of wakefulness constantly, even well-trained people need complete relaxation, periodically fall into deep forgetting, referred to sleep. Almost a third of life a person spends in a dream (twenty-five years old from seventy five). Sleep is perceived as granted. Healthy people rarely think about his meaning.

Science has long been known that the daily change of sleep and wakefulness in humans is the result of a very long evolution of rhythmic processes, based on the peculiarities of the course of life phenomena in the simplest organisms depending on the change of day and night.

In my work, I would like to consider in detail the question of the physiological mechanisms of sleep, about his connection with the performance, about the most common types of sleep disorder.

Physiological meaning of sleep.

Sleep is a very interesting, mysterious phenomenon that attracts the attention of many scientists. In fact, what do we know about a dream? At the beginning of the previous century, the French researchers R. Lezanendr and A. Pieron put the experiments from which they concluded: the cause of sleep is the accumulation of blood during the day of hypnotoxin, or the "Sleep poison". The Swiss physiologist V. Hess in 1913 put forward the assumption that there is a special "sleep center", since in his experiments, the irritation of a certain section of the brain caused a dream. But very many observations contradicted these theories. For example, those who have grown twins, whose organisms have common bloodstream, could sleep at different times.

In modern science, the greatest recognition and distribution received the doctrine of a dream, developed by I.P. Pavlov and his followers. Experiments have shown that both the need for a dream, and its physiology is determined primarily by the highest department of nervously - the crust of large hemispheres of the brain, which "keeps all the processes occurring in the body."According to modern scientific data,sleep is a diffuse braking of the cortex of large hemispheres, which occurs as the nerve cells are spent by the nerve cells of its bioenergy potential during the wake-up period and reduce their excitability. Distribution of braking in deeper brain departments - medium brain, subcortical education - causes the deepening of sleep. At the same time, in a state of braking, partial functional rest, nerve cells not only completely restore their bioenergy level, but also exchange the information necessary for the upcoming activities. By the time of awakening, if the dream was quite complete, they are ready for active work again. The fact that the work of the brain in a dream does not stop, can be judged by its bioelectric activity continued in a state of sleep. The biotoks of the brain reflect the biochemical processes occurring in cells and indicate the active activity of the brain. They are registered with simultaneous assignment from many points of the head, and after the amplification is recorded in the form of a electroencephalogram (EEG), which, depending on various physiological conditions, has a peculiar and characteristic pattern. During sleep, unconditional and conditioned reflexes are significantly braked. As for breathing with a deep dream, it is significantly reduced than during the wakefulness, the frequency of heart rate and blood pressure is reduced. Reducing the admission to blood tissues during sleep is accompanied by a decrease in the intensity of metabolism by 8 - 10%, a decrease in body temperature and a decrease in the absorption of oxygen from the environment. All this indicates that in a state of sleep together with the brain, "rest" and all internal organs that ensure the vital activity of cells and tissues are obtained.

Biological value of sleep.

When, as a result of the works of Claytman and Azeri from the University of Chicago, it turned out that the dream had a very complex structure that it consists of periods of "slow and" fast "sleep, many times replacing each other, it became clear that sleep is not a peace of brain, but Special kind of his activity.

What is the meaning of this activity, its biological significance, what are its tasks? First of all - restoration, reparative. As a result of tense activities for the processing of a huge number of information, nerve cells, synapses, and mainly due to the depletion of non-energy reserves, and those substances that are needed for perception, processing and fixing this information in brain structures, t. e. Proteins and ribonucleic acids. As numerous studies have shown, during sleep occurs in the brain the most active work on the synthesis of these substances.

But this value of sleep is not exhausted. The body flows the enormous number of various physiological, biochemical, metabolic processes, which are the basis of its existence. All of them must be aligned with one way or another, to be in the corresponding temporary links. This coordination is carried out by various mechanisms, among which the first role belongs to the brain: a variety of sensory information is received from all internal organs, and in the opposite direction regulating pulses flow. But the brain during its active daily activities should carry out another most important task - for the processing of information coming from the outside world, to implement the interaction of the body with the environment. It is impossible to assume that the brain in a day has time to fully recycle the entire information entering it. Something that he has to postpone. And during sleep, as it turns out, work continues on this part of the information - on its classification, consolidation, translation into long-term memory ...

This is how the dream, originated as the adaptation of the body to the transition from the daily activities to night immobile, with time, as the evolutionary development of the animal, the world began to carry out a number of very complex functions, up to participation in certain mental operations.

Together with the newest discoveries in the field of sleep physiology, which showed that the dream is not just the oppression of the brain activity, his peace leads to an end and the simplest way to treat insomnia, which seemed previously well-founded: receiving various soothing and sleeping pills. After all, they - just suppress all the activity of the brain, as if stunning him. In particular, the sleeping pills are sharply oppressed by the phase of sleep, which is referred to as fast sleep. And she, as it turned out, is extremely important for the normal functioning of the brain, and when it is deprived of it, a person may have changes in the psychological sphere.

Favorable for man The flow of sleep is determined by the presence and level of a number of hormones.The most important of hormones affecting sleep is melatonin produced by a sishkovoid gland. It begins to stand out when the eyes signal the brain that the dark time occurred. In the daylight, it is not produced, and, accordingly, relaxation and drowsiness disappear. To generate melatonin, the body is needed primarily two components: the amino acid tryptophan and sugar. Sleep problems can be caused by a shortage of tryptophan in the body.

Of all the things, it becomes clear which huge value for a person is normal, full sleep and which important task of medicine is the fight against sleep impairment.

Sleep mechanism. His varieties.

Sleep is a cyclic physiological process. In an adult, the cycle repeats every 90 minutes. Overnight observes from 4 to 6 cycles, depending on the duration of a person's sleep. On average, one cycle is 90 minutes. In each cycle, two phases differ - the phase of slow deep (calm or orthodox) sleep and the phase of paradoxical (fast or active) sleep.

With a slow dream, there is a decrease in the frequency of breathing and the rhythm of heartbeat, relaxation of the muscles and slowing the movements of the eyes. As slow sleep is deepened, the total number

sleeping movements becomes minimal. At this time it is difficult to wake up. Slow sleep usually takes 75 - 80%.

With a quick dream, physiological functions, on the contrary, are activated: breathing and heart rhythm increases, the motor activity of the sleeping, the movement of the eyeballs becomes fast (in connection with which this kind of sleep and got the name "fast"). Fast movements of the eye show that sleeping at this moment sees a dream. And if he was wake up after 10 - 15 minutes after the end of the quick eye movements, he will tell about what he saw in a dream. When awakening during a slow sleep, a person, as a rule, does not remember dreams. Despite

the relatively large activation of physiological functions in a rapid dream, the muscles of the body during this period are relaxed, and wake the sleeping much more difficult. Thus, fast sleep, on the one hand, is deeper compared to slow, and on the other hand, judging by the activity of physiological functions, - more superficial. Therefore, he received the name of paradoxical sleep. Fast sleep is essential for the vital activity of the body. If a person is artificially deprived of fast sleep (wake in periods of the appearance of rapid movements of the eyes), then, despite the sufficient overall duration of sleep, after five to seven days, mental disorders occur. The alternation of fast and slow sleep is characteristic of healthy people, while a person feels sleeping and cheerful.

Functions of fast sleep and remedies.

What is the vital function of fast sleep and its inalienable component - dreams? During the day, a person takes out and remembers the vital information to him, designed to provide this or that effect on its subsequent activity. Since in the wakeful state, the nervous system is loaded mainly by current activities, information important for the future is fixed in long-term memory without processing. It is in a dream that the processing of this information is recycled. On its basis in the sleeping body, a comprehensive purposeful training of physiological systems for the activity has been carried out in the subsequent period of wakefulness. Thus, sleep is a specific active state of the brain that contributes to the full use of the existing experience and acquired information in the interests of the more advanced adaptation of the body during the time of wakefulness. Folk wisdom has long noticed this feature and expressed her in the form of a proverb "Morning of the evening wisen." This allows you to understand why insomnia or a dream caused by pharmacological substances (sleeping pills or alcohol), inhibiting fast sleep components, so sharply reduce the mental and physical readiness of a person to actively act after awakening.

In fact, there are no people who do not see dreams, there are only people who do not remember them. In most cases, banal beds and little interest. Only a small percentage of them contains strange and fantastic elements. It is noteworthy that daily executable routine classes are rarely fixed in a dream. Rational and realistic elements similar to thinking during wakefulness are prevalent with a deep slow sleep phase. In the paradoxal phase, more complex, bright, fantastic dreams are dominated. Often it happens that in a dream a man finds the right way out of a previously defined problem, as if continuing

creative process. In a dream, conflict situations of psychological properties can overcome. An important feature feature is the ability to hold attention. The latter is captured by certain events or objects, from which it is impossible to free themselves: we cannot force our attention to switch to something else. This is due to the fact that in dreams there are no elements of imagination: the consciousness does not wander, both in wakefulness, and focuses on something one. We see dreams on average hour and a half per night, 30 days a year, five years throughout our life. A person who has reached 60 years old has ever seen up to 20 thousand dreams.

For people of different ages, an unequal number of dreams is characterized. Experts argue that the embryo "sees" them 24 hours a day, a newborn - within 9-10 hours. In deep old age, the duration of dreams does not exceed the hour. As for that, dreams come true or not - there is no definite answer to this question yet.

Sleep duration.

To begin with, I would like to consider such a question as a sleep duration. The need for a dream and its duration depends on many factors. First of the type of the highest nervous activity of man. If the excitable choler is enough 6 - 7 hours of sleep per day, the phlegmatic needs need a longer sleep - 8, and sometimes 9 hours. People of thought and mixed types need a longer sleep than "artists".

Secondly, the duration of a person's sleep depends on age. The newborn sleep is 16 - 20 hours a day, the babies - 10 - 12 hours, in the 10th age - 9 - 10 hours, in adults - 7, 5 hours, and the elderly - on average 6, 5 hours in day. The opinion is widespread that with age people sleep less than in youth. The American doctor P. Tiller conducted in connection with this observation over 83 people aged over 60 years. He divided patients into three groups. One includes people with complaints about a number of functional disorders: fatigue, nervousness, dizziness, lack of appetite. The second group was practically healthy. It turned out that people from the first group slept for 7 hours and less, while sleeping duration in the second group was at least 8 hours (not counting day -comy sleep). Tiller decided to increase sleep duration to patients from the first group for several hours per day. At first it was difficult for them to get used to the new regime, but soon their body adapted, and they began to sleep longer. After a short time, the signs of malaise disappeared with them, and they felt much better. Based on this experiment, Tiller concluded that as agrees, a person should increase, and not reduce the duration of his sleep.

Third sleep duration depends on the individual characteristics of the person. There are known people who sleep a little all their lives, however, feel satisfactory, active and efficient. And there are people - "Sonya", which, to gray hair, love a lot and sleep long.

Fourth sleep duration determine genetic factors. And finally, the need for a dream, and its duration determines the physical and mental state of the person. It is known that in stressful or certain difficult situations, a person can "get together" and withstand completely without sleep or with a very short one even within a few days.

The most common forms of dishouts of sleep.

The physiological value of sleep is the rest of the body, strengthening motor functions, memory, fixing skills. Sleep disorders cause fatigue, weakness, excitability, braking of motor functions, disruption of the ability to concentrate. Sleep disorders are diverse. In accordance with the international classification of disease disorders, classified as follows:

Disturbance and sleep duration (insomnia).

Excessive sleep duration (hypersmia).

Sleepy apnea.

Narcolepsy and cataplepsy.

Insomnia.

Lethargy.

Now, I would like to consider the most common forms of sleep disorders in more detail.

1. Insomney.

The general term "sleep disorder" combines several nosological groups (insomnia, hypoinsia, hyperinsen, paramy), consisting of a total of 84 private sleep disorders. In most cases, insomnia is secondary to the main disease, mental or somatic. It is the diagnosis of insomnia that should proceed from the syndromically etiological identification, anamnesis, the clinical picture, the chronobiological stereotype ("owl", "Zhonobiological") profession (seamless work, transcontinental flights), national peculiarities, psychological testing and data of polysomnography.

Insomney - disappeared and duration of sleep. The priority task of treatment is to find out, eliminate or weaken the cause of insomnia without the use of potent sleeping drugs, leaving them to the "extreme case". At an unknown reason, the treatment is beginning with improving hygiene and sleep mode, eliminating stressful, exciting (coffee, alcohol) and interfering to sleep (noise, bright light) factors. These methods are often more efficient to sleeping pills.

2. Hyperstia

Hyperstia, unlike insomnia, is manifested in the form of increased drowsiness during the daytime, but without attacks of falling and capexia. This syndrome as a sleep disorder should be separated from other paroxysmal (including loss of consciousness).

Hypersmia can be syndrome of sleep disorders, mental, neurological and somatic diseases. Day drowsiness can be an episodic transient phenomenon and in healthy people (after overloading, tension, fatigue), however, chronic, repeating drivingness, interfere with working and learn - this is a serious medical problem. Hyperissian with other types of sleep disorders - can accompany insomnia, restless leg syndrome, sleepy apnea as a result of night sleep violations. In these cases, it is mainly necessary to treat this form of sleep disorders, comply with sleep hygiene measures and try to avoid daytime

dorms. Hyperstias with effective and psychological disorders - accompanies mainly depression, when the night's sleep is insufficient, I have drowsiness in the afternoon. Hyperstias in somatic diseases is characteristic of diseases that cause the condition of chronic ischemia: heart failure, respiratory failure. For the treatment of hypersime, psychostimulants are recommended, however, the use of these funds is associated with greater risk, as the dependence occurs, psychosis may develop, paranoid state.

3. Sleepy apnea

Sleepy apnea belong to a group of disorders with a possible fatal outcome during sleep, in which repeated respiratory stops occur with blood oxygenation violation. Episodes of respiratory stop can last from 10 seconds and more and repeated up to 30 times overnight. Choosing during sleep and strong snoring is observed in adults along with excessive motor

activity, cardiac arrhythmias; In the time of wakefulness - morning headaches, day drowsiness, depression, violation of sexuality. Children snoring is not very pronounced, only breathing delay is observed, in the period of wakefulness - the breath of his mouth. Two types of sleepy apnea are distinguished: central sleepy apnea and obstructive sleepy apnea.

Snoring - one of the varieties of apnea

A very common phenomenon accompanying sleep serves as snoring. It arises due to the fact that the muscles of the throat relaxes and the tongue and the lower jaw are slowly scorpped back, which clogs the already blocked path for air through the nose and makes us breathe through the mouth.

The tendency to the snore is enhanced with age. The intensive snoring occurs in the phase of deep slow sleep and is weakened or disappears in the phase of paradoxical sleep. Since the snoring arises when a person lies on his back, then fat people should have a special tendency to him: the physique makes them sleep more on the back, and excess adequate tissue in the larynx enhances vibrations.

The cause of snoring may be such diseases of the upper respiratory tract, as allergic, sinusitis, and even a runny nose. In children, the same effect is able to cause extensive tonsillitis. Sometimes snoring is the cause of periodic breathing delays in a dream. The corresponding disease is called "apnea in a dream." During the night there are up to several hundred breathing delays. Each of them lasts a few seconds, in exceptional cases - up to two minutes. At these moments, a person begins to break restlessly and fight, as in convulsions, but usually does not wake up. When renewed, breathing is accompanied by loud, explosive snoring. Apnea more often suffer from men in the age of forty years.

The disease has two consequences. First, day patients feel strong drowsiness due to sleep deficit due to frequent breathing delays. Secondly, in periods of respiratory pauses, the level of oxygen in the blood drops, causing oxygen deficiency in the body. In turn, this determines the increase in pressure in a small (pulmonary) circle circle and heart rate disruption.

The probability of snoring is significantly reduced, if you sleep on my side, and not on the back. Stripping under the head is preferably to put a large pillow. To strengthen the muscles of the soft nose

it is useful to pronounce the sound "and" with the simultaneous tension of the neck muscles for obese people the most effective means of getting riding from snoring is weight loss. In particularly severe cases, the rigid ball is kept in the spinal part of the sleeping pajamas so that a person cannot lie on his back. Chronic snoring can be treated with the help of non-ferrous plastics, surgical procedure, during which the tissues of a soft sky and pharynx are tensioned. Possible side effects are changing voice timbre.

4. Narcolepsy

This type of sleep disorders is characterized by an irresistible sleep and other manifestations resembling attacks. The main mechanism of this state is the dysfunction of rising fibers of the reticular formation with impaired phase sequence of sleep.

Classic Tetrad Symptoms of Narcolepsy:

Excessive daylights with attacks of falling asleep. Castaplexia is a sudden loss of postural muscle tone associated with strong emotions.

Hypunogical hallucinations are bright, similar to the sleep of vision at the beginning or end of sleep.

Sleepy paralysis is the inability to move within a few minutes after awakening or before falling asleep (less often).

For narcolepsy and catapletsis, an extensive differential diagnosis is characterized: attacks of hysteria, depression, chronic fatigue syndrome, sleepy apnea, obesity, heart disease, hypothyroidism, drug addiction and toxicism, alcoholism, organic lesions of the central nervous system. In the treatment of narcolepsy, psychostimulants are prescribed to prevent sleeping attacks and fall asleep. Caffeine, ginseng, sometimes psychotropic drugs are used more often.

5. Insomnia

Insomnia is a sleep disturbance, in which the difficulty of falling asleep is observed, a short period of sleep or the absence after it, the feeling of rest.

Insomnia is manifested by a reduction in night sleep duration, late falling asleep, early awakening, multiple sleep interruption overnight. Sleep with insomnia is disturbed and efficiently - becomes more superficial, the duration of deep sleep is reduced, the ratio between the stage of sleep, accompanied by dreams, and a dream stage without dreams.

Insomnia is found in neurosis, some cardiovascular and mental illness, neuroinfection, as well as during damage to the formations of the brain, regulating the correct alternation of sleep and wake. In healthy people, insomnia can appear after physical or mental overvoltage, fatigue, strong experiences, etc. Sleep disorder in terms of cases can be considered as a violation of fatigue mechanisms. I.P. Pavlov proved that the Sleep arises as a result of the lack of insufficient or monotonous receipts afferent impulses depends on the state of activity of inaunogenic and activating systems, located starting from the caudal department of the brain barrel to the cortex of large hemispheres.

In all cases, insomnia is of great importance to observe the observance of the labor, recreation and food intake, a rational increase in physical activity (therapeutic gymnastics, walking an increase in physical activity; walking before bed). Warm baths, hot foot baths; If possible, psychotrauming situations should be eliminated and normal sleep conditions have been created.

5. Lethargy

Translated from Greek - hysterical sleep, "Small Life", imaginary death. The state of pathological sleep with a more or less expressed weakening of physical manifestations of life, with a immobilized weakening of physical manifestations of life, with immobility, a significant decrease in the exchange and weakening or absence of a reaction to sound and pain irritation. The causes of the emergence of lethargy are not defined.

In heavy, rarely encountered cases of lethargy, there is really a picture of imaginary death: the skin is cold and pale, pupils do not react, breathing and pulse is difficult to detect, strong pain irritations do not cause reactions. For several days, patients do not drink, do not eat, the selection of urine and feces stops, comes loss in weight, dehydration.

Fucking attacks - from several hours to several days and even weeks. Separate observations of many years of lethargic sleep with the persistent possibility of food intake and the departure of other physiological acts are described.

So, for example, in France, a girl of four years old with a sick nervous system was something frightened and fainted, and then plunged into a lethargic dream, which lasted 18 years without a break. She was laid in a hospital, where she carefully worked and nourished; Thanks to this, she grown in an adult girl. And although she woke up an adult, her mind, interests, feelings remained the same that they were before the onset of a long-term sleep. So, waking up from the lethargy, the girl asked for a doll to play.

Research results

In order to figure out whether the quality and duration of sleep affects schoolchildren's performance, I conducted a survey that included the following questions:

How do you sleep? (good, normal, bad)

In which you usually go to bed?

How many average are you sleeping a day?

Will you sleep?

What do you think affects your dream?

Are you suffering insomnia?

Do you suffer from an overwhelming sleep?

Do you rather do during sleep?

Did you dream of dreams?

What dreams are you more often with positive or negative?

In total, 55 people were interviewed, all students of 7-10 classes.

The results of the study were as follows:

51% are good, 42% - normally, 7% -

45% to sleep until 00:00, 42% - at 00:00, 13% -posle 00:00

42% - outer on average 6-7 hours, 31% - 8 hours. 27% -9-10 hours

65% dat the day, 35% - do not sleep

64% are that the emotional state affects their sleep, 9% - fatigue,

27% - believe that nothing affects

24% - suffer from insomnia, 76% - do not suffer

36% - suffer from an irresistible sleep, 64% - do not suffer

4% - snoring in a dream, 96% - do not snore

98% - dreams, 2% - not dream

62% - positive dreams, 20% - negative, 18% - those and others in the same extent

So, thanks to the studies spent, I managed to establish that many high school students exist problems with the quality and duration of sleep and identify the dependence of this quality and academic performance, and it is as follows - in children who sleep less than 8 hours a day, the performance of worse than those who are Sleep 9-10 hours.

Tips for a healthy sleep

Scientists have proven that almost all people need to sleep at least 9 (and not 8, as previously thought) hours per day. And if you take into account constant stress, the rapid pace of life and all the delights of technical progress, then such a sleep quota is simply necessary for a person. so, what will help do our dream better and more comfortable? What should be in your room?

Do not hold music centers, televisions and other similar techniques in the room. They are sources of harmful electromagnetic radiation and poorly affect sleep.

The bed should be used only for sleep: work, reading and talking interfere with the body relax. Well, if the bed is located headboard north.

When a person sleeps his head north, blood pressure is significantly reduced, and, therefore, sleep becomes deeper. The mattress should be in moderation solid - this is useful for the spine, the body at night is in the literal position and does not check, does not get tired. Try to get used to sleep if possible on the lowest pillow. In no case can not be used by a large pillow, tightly packed with feathers. At the same time, the head is constantly in an unnaturally bent position, which can lead to head pains and problems with the spine. You can use special contour pillows. It is advisable to use soft cotton linen. The optimal temperature in the room should be around 19 ° C. It is desirable that the room is pre-conducted before bedtime. The essential oils of chamomile, tea tree, tangerine leaves and calendulas, walks are promoted.

III . Conclusion

In a study, I considered in detail the issue of saline mechanisms; about his various styles; about ways to combat sleep disorders, etc.

I concluded that the dream is necessary to restore the normal brain performance after a long period of wakefulness. Also about the fact that lack of sleep leads to a progressive deterioration in mental activity and persistent emotional violations: a person becomes irritable and unpredictable.

And in conclusion, I would like to note that a dream is an absolutely necessary integral part of a person's life, the physiological significance of which consists in rest of the body, strengthen motor functions, memory, fastening skills. Sleep disorders cause fatigue, weakness, excitability, braking of motor functions, disruption of the ability to concentrate.

Bibliography

1. Estancy: how to restore power / per. from English ON THE. Kirilenko. Under. Society. ed. A. A. Skirt. - SPb.: "Norint", 2000. - 80 s.

2. Alfred: Victory over insomnia. Per. with it. M., "Knowledge", 1979.

3. Ivanchenko V. A.: The secrets of your vigor. - M.: Knowledge, 1988. - 288 p.

4.Popular medical encyclopedia. GL ed. B.V. Petrovsky. - M.: "Soviet Encyclopedia", 1979. - 704 p.

5.Bemig W.: Self-help with insomnia, stress and neurosis. - Minsk: Half, 1985.

6.Kosilov S.A., Leonova L. A.: Human performance and the main ways to increase it. - M.: Medicine, 1974.

7.Mosov N. M.: Meditation of Health.

8.Sviridonov G. M.: Spring Health

Main ideas: Makasov Sabit Andreevich

We describe the project!

What is connected: Biology, psychology

What we formulate: What is sleep?

How much did not sleep: 8 ocloc'k. The project is focused on students from 10 to grade 11.

This project is devoted to one of the most important topics of biology - modeling and formalization. The importance of incorporating the meaningful line "Modeling and formalization" is precisely in the course of biology due to several factors. The main factors are associated with the role that modeling plays:

as a method of scientific knowledge in modern science, and in particular in biology;
as a means of learning;
as a way of presenting information in the form of text (in a wide interpretation of the term "text", adopted in modern science);
as the main element of information and algorithmic activities of specialists.

Estimated results : Sleep and its influence on the human body

A little information!

Sleep is a natural physiological process of stay in a state with a minimum brain level and reduced rope to the surrounding world inherent in mammals, birds, fish and some other animals, including insects.

Do we need a dream?

Scientists of antiquities of the causes of sleep did not know and often put forward erroneous, literally fantastic theories that such a dream and dream. More than a century years ago, for example, some scientists considered the sleep with poisoning of the body, supposedly in the body of a person during the wakefulness, the poisons causing the poisoning of the brain accumulate, as a result of which the dream comes, and the dreams are only hallucinations, the poisoned brain. Another version read that the offensive is not sent by a decrease in blood circulation brain.

Two thousand years old people satisfied the wisdom of Aristotle, who claimed that the dream was, nothing else, as halfway, passed to death. The situation has changed dramatically when the human brain has become cardinal and souls. Thanks to the theory of Darwin and the works of Freud per person, the warddown of divinity was smaller, and a large-scale study of the functioning of the mechanism began (the word is, what a non-living!) The body and the human brain. That was the time of incredible faith in science. In the ideas of scientists, the organism has seen a complex machine, it remained only to understand which gear and cogs are laying this automatic - and the mystery of life and the mind will be open. And nothing wonderful!

But the subsequent development of science and technology: X-ray, EEG, MRI and other devices to help "look" into the brain, discovered humanity a lot of new. And most importantly - created more questions than they found answers: why do you need a dream, what is sleep and dreaming in reality?

For a long time it was believed that sleep is just a vacuum of the overloaded brain machine, which protects from premature wear. Also during sleep, relaxed muscles are obtained, bones. Nevertheless, this simple theory was not fully wealthy. Another twentieth century, in his middle, it was found that the sipping man's brain metabolism is only 10-15%, than at a shallow dere. And the muscles tired for the day can perfectly relax and simply, being at rest. It turns out that the human body has no need for a smooth account to hold a third of their own life hungry and defenseless. For a rest, sleep is not needed at all! Only for the 10 percent efficiency of sleep, the natural selection would not risk a whole person, but what is there, to all human views. After all, during sleep, we are not able to react to danger adequately, quickly navigate, while the cunning enemy is always pending his black things under the cover of the night ... In this case, why the natural selection did not take care of the problem of sleeping sleeping, why on the body to this day "hangs »Mandatory rest burden, why do you need a dream, what is a dream?

It comes to sleep - not just a rest, it is a special state of the brain, reflected in specific behavior.

Questions guiding project

Questions that guide the project:

Meaning of sleep?
Relevance of sleep?

Problem issues:

What dreams exist?
What needs to be done to be healthy?
Why does a person can not go to bed bistro?
What way do you have dreams?

Curriculum

What is hypnosis?
What time do you sleep?
What did you dream today?
Is the dream for working man?
How often in a dream you are aware of what is a dream?
Do you think a dream, a reflection of reality that could be either which else can happen?

Description of estimation methods:

At the beginning of the project activities, the initial knowledge of students with the help of the presentation of the teacher and its supporting conversation is carried out. The general project plan and work plans are then discussed. The criteria for assessing future student works are drawn up, which takes control and self-control in groups. Students are distributed to groups as a result of the draw.

Forming estimation methods:

Curriculum. They are used to determine the knowledge of students on this topic.
Reports - preparation of work in the process of promotion on the project.
Brainstorming is that students come up with ideas related to a given topic and associate these ideas with preliminary knowledge and new features.

Interesting Facts!

1. You cannot snore and see dreams at the same time.
2. At that time, when we die, most of us will spend on a quarter of a century in a dream, and six years of them will be filled with dreams. Although, waking up, most of these dreams we no longer remember.
3. Egyptian pharaohs considered the children of RA (the God of the Sun), and therefore their dreams were considered sacred.
4. The scientists suggested that the dreams of human embryos due to the lack of visual incentives in the womb of the mother mainly consist of sounds and tactile sensations.
5. According to Plato, the dreams are nascent in abdominal organs. He believed that the liver was the biological source of most dreams. 6. Eliias Houi (1819-1867) said that the invention of the sewing machine was associated with a nightmarish bed, in which he was attacked by cannibals, armed with spears in the form of a sewing needle, which he subsequently invented.

7. With the exception of particularly rare cases, all people are subject to dreams in other extent. Nevertheless, many are not able to recall at least one dream.

8. The mining of us sees dreams every 90 minutes, and the longest dreams (30-45 minutes) happen in the morning.
9. Ashanti, the people living in the West of Africa perceives dreams so seriously that they will seriously subjected to the criminal prosecution of a man who saw in an erotic dream to his wife of another man.
10. Open in 1856, the planet Neptune, which was called in honor of the Roman god of the seas, is considered the planet dreams, because dreams, like water, distort and bind images and meaning. In addition, water represents the depth of unconscious feelings and places in which we fall in a dream.
11. There are about what you lose your teeth or you delete them can mean a lot, including fear of helplessness or any loss in your life. Women such dreams are more than men.
12. For dirty water can be alarmed that you have any health problems.
13. Thenoplanets in a dream can become precursors that you are on the verge of difficulties related to the new environment and the environment, or that your privacy is under threat.
14. Awed in a dream Chocolate can symbolize what sleep believes that he is worthy of award and waiting for it. It may also mean that the sleeping person does not refuse himself in desires, and he needs to hold them.
15 If the sleeping stands in a dream on a high rock - it may indicate its wide range or that it is on the threshold of an important solution, but the failure is afraid.
16.The dwell in a dream can be interpreted only in the context of the attitude towards the sleeping person. For example, for one person, blood in a dream will mean love and sex, and for the other it will mean destruction and blood.
17. Doodle in a dream is often a symbol of our body, so a big mansion can represent our "rich", perhaps a little exaggerated ego. Mansion can also represent our great potential.
18. Orders awaiting a child often accompany dreams about miscarriage, but this is not a prediction, but just a symbol of their concern for a child. Also, a dream about miscarriage may indicate that things in your business are not in the best way.
19. The fact that nightmares are considered the fruits of influencing sinister characters, such as witches, folklore offers putting a knife at the foot of the bed. It is believed that the steel knife will scare the evil spirits.
20. In ancient Greece, Dreams were considered the messages of the gods. Incubation or practice of causing meaningful dreams, falling asleep in a holy place, was also popular, especially in the chiler cult of Asclepia and Epidaurus.
21. Fall in a dream usually happens at the beginning of the night, in the first stage of sleep. These dreams are often accompanied by muscle spasms, which are called "myoclonic shocks", and which are common to many mammals.

22. Prelbs in a dream are known from ancient times when no one suspected that the aircraft will ever be invented.
23. Sygmund Freud (1856-1939) "Interpretation of dreams" (1900), which has become a desk book for many predictors in the future, was sold in the number of only 415 copies in the first two years.
24 Unlike the modern interpretation of dreams, which is focused on psychological moments, the ancient explanations were associated with the search for keys discovering the future.
25 It seems that the process of fixing events in memory during sleep is turned off. Those who claim that he does not see dreams, this blocking is more complete than others. Dreams may be forgotten due to the fact that they are incoherent and inconsistent, or they contain information material, which is rejected by our memory.
26. In the opinion of psychologists, dreams in reality and in a dream can be connected, but during them there are various cognitive processes.
27. Poes in a dream can also express our hopes, and life fears. Freud associated such dreams with sexual desire, Alfred Adler believed that the sleeping was trying to rise above others, and Karl Jung with the desire to escape from the rings of restrictions.

Didactic goals!

The purpose of project training

— it is to create conditions under which students:

- independently and willingly acquire missing knowledge from different sources;

- learn to use acquired knowledge to solve cognitive and practical tasks;

- acquire communication skills, working in various groups;

- develop research skills (the ability to identify problems, collecting information, observation, experiment, analysis, constructing hypotheses, generalizations);

- Develop systemic thinking.

Developing objectives of the project:

Development of educational interest of students;
Development of the ability to properly summarize data and conclude;
Development of the ability to compare, summarize, analyze;
Development of creative and analytical thinking;
Teach apply theoretical knowledge in practice;
Training Meeting Meetings: Semantic Material Load, Allocation of Support Points, Processing Plan;
Development of skills to summarize the facts and draw conclusions;
Development of the skills of work in the proper (defined) pace: read, write, calculate, draw, outline;
Development of skills to own themselves;

Educational goals of the project:

Development and consolidation of self-education skills;
Formation of teamwork skills;
Formation of speaking skills in front of the audience;
Teach students to overcome the negative consequences of stressful production situations
Expansion of general education outdoor
Formation of the features of a harmoniously developed personality.

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Life and dream is noticed that if a person lives an emotionally rich life and his hormonal system works intensively and varied, then after a rapid day, dreams may not be. In this case, they say - "sleeps as killed." However, if a person's life is monotony (for example, it is in a protracted depression), in which the same chemicals are developed for a long period of time, then the "bright dreams" begin to dream. Thus, the dreams may be a protective psychophysiological measure from an endocrine system downtime, compensating for the production of the same type of substances in everyday life. Feedback is also possible.

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Lethargy lethargy - from Greek "summer" (oblivion) \u200b\u200band "Argia" (inaction). A large medical encyclopedia determines the lethargy as "a state of pathological sleep with a more or less pronounced decrease in metabolism and the weakening or lack of reaction to sound, tactile and pain irritation. The causes of lethargy are not installed."

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A lethargic dream is noteworthy that the organism awakened after many years of hibernation begins to quickly "catch up" its calendar age. Such people are aging, as they say, not by day, but by the hour. For example, Nazira Rustemova from Turkestan, who fell asleep at 4 years (1969) and slept with the lethargic dream of 16 years, in subsequent years quickly formed in an adult girl and rose another 28 cm. The reason that causes such a dream for scientists pore puzzle. True, they make an assumption that it is just-going "the brain inflammation, which makes you tired." So far, there is an explanation that lethargic sleep is due to the extreme weakness and utmost depletion of brain nerve cells that fall into the state of protective "protective" braking . The body says "I'm tired! Do not touch me!" And ceases to respond to any irritation.

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Sections: Primary School

Every day, on the entire planet
At night, children fall to bed.
Toys sleep with them,
Books, hares, rattles.
Only fairy sleep is not sleeping
Over the Earth she flies
Gives the children of dreams colored,
Interesting, funny ...

I. Introduction.

Mom says that I have to go to bed while go to bed, it's good to sleep well and then I will feel a good mood, I will feel cheerfully, which means it will be easy to learn and with all the things I will successfully handle it. But it turns out that so much time goes to sleep ... I could play at this time at the computer, see your favorite programs on TV, collect a new car from the designer, play with friends and a lot, a lot more .... And you have to go to bed ... And every time so reluctance to fall asleep .... And in the morning, what is interesting when the alarm clock struggles with difficulty opening the eyes and reluctance to part with your favorite pillow and a blanket ...

It became interesting for me what kind of phenomenon "sleep"? I chose him object His work. Why is it so difficult to fall asleep, and in the morning, on the contrary, "open your eyes"? How much time do I need to sleep? What time should I go to bed? What time to get up? And also when we sleep - see dreams .... And sometimes they are so interesting, funny ... And sometimes scary ... And the grandmother says that I'm growing in a dream ... And so I decided to spend my research to clarify all these questions.

Purpose of the study - Examine the effect of sleep on human health. In the course of research, we must confirm hypothesisThat good sleep has a positive effect on human health, his mood and efficiency. Tasks Works:

find out what happens to a person during sleep;
determine the best time to sleep and its duration;
find out how easy it is to fall asleep and wake up.

II. Main part.

1. Sleep - Dar of Nature.

So, sleep ... In Wikipedia's electronic encyclopedia, I found such a definition "Sleep is a natural physiological process of staying in a state with a minimum brain level and a reduced reaction to the surrounding world inherent in mammals, birds, fish and some other animals, including insects."

The ancient Greeks believed that the dream was a special gift sent by the man of the God of Sleep-winged Morp, one of the sons of God Holness. And perhaps they were right, sleep is really a gift of nature, the value that is difficult to overestimate. According to doctors, researchers, during sleep, the processes of accumulation of energy reserves, regeneration, plastic exchange occur. As a result, energy resources exhausted per day are restored.

Many scientists study this phenomenon. In different sources, I found a lot of interesting about a dream:

1. It turns out that each of us has two sleeps: sleep "slow" and sleep "Fast": for 6-8 hours of sleeping Slow Sleep a duration of 60-90 minutes varies quickly - for 10-20 minutes and just for this time is man and sees dream.

2. Scientists have performed experiments and deprived people of the opportunity to see dreams, that is, they walked them before the onset of fast sleep and as it turned out in people without dreams appeared neurosis - a sense of fear, anxiety, tensions. It turns out that our dreams are as the necessary brain work, as well as normal mental activity. Dreams are needed to us as breathing or digestion!

3. During the "slow" sleep, growth hormone is released. And there are even special techniques for increasing growth with sleep.

4. There are many cases when in a dream happened renal discoveries. It is well known that it was in the dream of D.I. Mendeleev managed to streamline a periodic system of chemical elements, Nils Bor "saw" the structure of the atom. Many writers and artists see their works in a dream. So, Mozart in a dream heard whole symphonies, Pushkin saw poems. Salvador Dali learned to cause whole paintings in a half: sat in the chair, pushed a teaspoon in his hand and put a tray on the floor. When the artist fell asleep, a spoon with a ringing fell, the artist jumped and sketched seen in a dream. Beethoven in a dream composed a play. Derzhavin composed the last Stroof of ODD "God" in a dream. According to scientists, such insights are possible, because dreams create conditions for self-driving, subconscious study of information, over which a creative person has intensively reflected in a state of wakefulness.

5. Homemade pets also see dreams. Probably, many have noticed how twisted in a dream a cat or a dog. There is an explanation that this is happening because at night one part of the brain relaxes the muscles of the body, and the other at the same time sends them the team to move. In response to this muscles only designate movement. As a result, if in a dream the dog dreams, as she chases the cat, then her paws will move as it were in running. A cat in a dream can hiss and bending the back.

6. At the flying storks, every ten minutes in the middle of the jacket will fly another bird and sleeping, lying on the jet of air and barely penetrated the wings.

7. Elephants sleep standing during the slow phase, and fall on the ground during the fast sleep phase.

8. To some extent a dream for a person more important food. A person can live without food for about 2 months. Without sleep, a person can live very little. In ancient China, there was a penalty: a person was deprived of sleep. And he did not live longer than 10 days.

9. The longest time lapse without sleep - eighteen days, twenty-one and forty minutes. A person who set up such a record later talked about a terrifying mental state - it was very familiar with various images, the vision worsened, the ability to behave adequately, memory and logic. This man was a seventeen year old student Randy Gardner. The record was delivered in 1964 and since then did not break. After the record, Randy slept only fifteen hours in a row, which he was enough to sleep completely.

2. Studies with my friends.

I spent my research. My friends Lenya and Misha agreed to help me.

Research No. 1: How much do we need to sleep?

First, I decided to find out how much we need to sleep. There is an opinion that children from 7 to 12 years old should sleep 9-10 hours. For 3 days we slept - at 8 o'clock, then 3 days - 10 hours and 3 days - at 11 o'clock. We appreciated your well-being on a 10-point scale. And that's what happened:

As you can see, the best well-being, we had from the 4th to the 6th days, that is, it turns out that we really better sleep for 10 hours. 8 hours we are small, and more than 10 too do not benefit. It should be noted that the last 3 days when we slept for 11 hours, then the last hour I didn't want to sleep at all, and we just lay in bed.

Research No. 2: What time do we need to go to bed?

Then, when we decided on sleep lasting, I decided to find out if there is a difference, how much to go to bed. At first, 5 days we went to bed at 8 o'clock, then 5 days - in 9 and 5 days in 10. I and my friends noted that at 8 o'clock it was difficult for us to fall asleep, but at 9 o'clock we quickly disconnected after the workdays. Although Misha noted that he was hard to fall asleep at 9 o'clock. And when they began to go to bed at 10 o'clock, they felt fatigue and really wanted to sleep after 9 hours. Misha said that for him 10 hours - the best time to fall asleep. As it turned out, we went to bed at 9 o'clock, and Misha - in 10. And we concluded that it depends on human habits, but go to bed at the same time Then it will be easier to fall asleep.

3. Fall asleep easy.

But besides a certain time for easy sleep, there is other recommendations:

do not eat 2-3 hours before sleep;
a small walk (30 min.) before bedtime;
warm bath before bed;
room air before bedtime;
fall asleep in full silence;
sleep on the stomach or left side.

I also checked some of them. 5 days I and my friends walked before bedtime, took the bath and ventilated the room. Discusing your feelings, we realized that These recommendations really work: We fell asleep faster.

4. Tips of doctors.

But how in the morning it's easy to get up? Doctors advise:

gradually get up, sipped in bed for 10 minutes;
massage of fingers and urchicals, since it is on them there is a large number of nerve endings, and the body wakes up when they are stimulated;
cool, toning shower;

a cup of fragrant tea.

And I learned a little trick .... It turns out that there is an interesting exercise that allows perishes to free themselves from the chain of sleep hugs. Even in a half-half-half, you need to roll over to your back, remove the pillow from under my head, go for a flat "soldier" and imitate the movements of the caught fish: the upper part of the body should remain almost fixed, and the legs - more precisely in the footsteps and the legs connected together, you need to move from The parties to the side (while the feet pull on itself).

My friends and I began to try out this funny exercise. Favoring in the morning "tails" we feel both vigorous and mood rises.

III. Conclusion.

In fact, sleep is the most important component of human activity. The better we fall out, the better the results of our work per day. Sleep is not the time "crossed out of an active life. This is a process during which our body is gaining strength, preparing us for the next day. Good dream gives us strength, we feel in shape, thoughts clear. It allows us to concentrate on work throughout the day. The best way to do everything we planned is to give our body time to relax in a dream.

Internet resources.

Wikipedia http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/son
Interesting facts about the dream http://www.passion.ru
Interesting facts about the dream http://uucyc.ru
Interesting facts about the dream http://www.kariguz.ru/articles/a14.html
Interesting facts about the dream http://www.sleep-drive.org.ru
How easy to wake up in the morning http://www.znaikak.ru/legkostanduputrom.html
Personal hygiene http://www.shitoryu.narod.ru/shitoryu/bibliotek/index2.htm.
Sleep science, or what happens behind closed eyes? http://www.spa.su/rus/content/view/133/746/0/
About the dream http://www.kariguz.ru/articles/a3.html.
Sleeping a child http://www.rusmedserver.ru.
Secrets of sleep http://www.kariguz.ru/articles/a1.html.

MOU "Lyceum No. 43" (naturally - technical)

Sleep and dream phenomenon

Senin Vasily

10 "A" class

Introduction 2.

Sleep time 2.

Sleep and dream features 3

Dreaming scheme 3

Conclusion 5.

List of references 5

Introduction

The dream of shamans became the source of the mythological picture of the world, new religions arose from the dreams of the prophets, and the dreams of the rulers were declared the reason for changing the form of the Board. The phenomenon of sleep and dreams as an object of study for a long time lack academic response. In recent decades, the situation has changed and the study of culture when ignoring the study of such an aspect of human existence as a dream is not possible.

In various humanities, an idea of \u200b\u200ba dream was formed not only as an individual psychological, but also as a cultural phenomenon, which makes it possible to make it an object of cultural research. Numerous conferences are held on various aspects of sleep and dreams, collections of works devoted to the anthropology of dreams appear. The monographs are published on the role of dreams in various cultures, various approaches to solving this problem are offered. At the same time, existing studies of sleep and dreams show limited and deprived of integrity.

Time to sleep

Necessary for the human body the duration of night sleep - depends on the season. In winter - it should be at least half an hour longer than in the summer.

Dreams, in the "fast sleep" phase (comes after slow and before the awakening, for the rise or to "turn on the other side) appear according to an individual biorhythm - every 90-100 minutes. This occurs in accordance with the daily cyclicity of the change (increasing) The total body temperature and the redistribution of blood in the body, the growth of blood pressure, the acceleration of the respiratory frequency and the heart pulse.

In memorization of dreams, short-term memory is involved, therefore - up to 90% of sleep content is forgotten during the closest half an hour, after awakening, unless, in the process of recalling, emotional experience, ordering and understanding, its plot will not be recorded in the long-term memory of the brain.

Natural sleeping pills - fatigue and / or certain points in the 90-minute cycles of the individual biorhythm of the body, when the body temperature decreases.

A sufficient night's sleep promotes weight loss (with overweight - its normalization). In this case, dinner is no later than four hours before sleep. Night food - is excluded, you can only drink clean water, in a small amount (for washing the esophagus, excretion of dehydration and for the speedy population). The effect will be more noticeable - with high physical exertion, during the daylight.

From frequent lack of sleep - the body is faster and aging. Scientists, and not only English, found out that it is possible to slow the aging of the brain, if you stabilize your biorhythms - a simple observance of the sleep mode.

Sleep and dream features

1. The prognostic function of dreams, due to the need for the forecasting of the future (in a situation of impossibility of using rational methods) and based on attributing the dead ability to know the future. This is one of the most sought-after dream features. In periods of economic or political instability, the proper dreams of political and religious leaders were attributed extremely important. 2. The innovative dream function is a consequence of the fact that in traditional communities, the structure-forming elements of Ca-crazed culture, and any change of their change is a violation of divine settings. With the change in historical conditions, the appeal to the revelations obtained in a dream allows legitimate to replace the former structures to new, revealed through sleep. Dreaming, performing the function of resolving intracultural contradictions, is often the only means of ensuring the psychological and even physical survival of the community. The introduction of cultural innovations is the most important from the functions of dreams in traditional communities. The use of dreams as a mechanism of socially acceptable innovation of innovations can be recognized as a peculiar method of self-dissolving conservative crops. This path of innovation is one of the few possible in the traditional society, the basis of the existence of which is the connection with the ancestors and maintenance of stability. 3. A legitimizing or sacralizing function is based on the archaic relationship of dreams with the world of the ancestors and the world of deities, thanks to which the dreams become a means of authorized over confirmation of the authentication of establishments or claims to possess authority.

Dreaming scheme

1. The initial processing of images of dreams occurs when the dreams, trying to remember and understand the images of sleep, connects the memory elements about a sleep into a connected structure. The most significant, from the point of view of the carrier of a certain "dream tradition", images are declined, and not of interest - discarded. The next step of this processing stage is to create a coherent history from selected and elementary logically related images of images.

2. The system of dreaming occurs when it tells it, since the message about a dream follows the standards adopted in this cultural environment, which will affect the structure and content of the story about the dream. The most important dream elements from the social point of view will be strengthened, and less significant muted, or omitted. The content of the story of the dream will also be due to the identity of the one who is addressed to the story.

3. Next processing - interpretation. The dream is analyzed by the toolkit developed for this by this cultural community. The interpretation process, showing a dream with certain meanings, may thus change the message structure itself, which, upon subsequent retelling, will work for confirmation of this interpretation.

4. Another treatment is a dream, which in this community is revered by the most significant. This kind of dreams are told not only a dream, but also retells by his listeners. Such dreams are most often fixed by ethnographers. These dreams are included in the legends, epic tales, historical chronicles, the lives of saints. When transmission, these dreams are subjected to the greatest schematization, the standardized structures, images and interpretations are acquired, individual characteristics are finally deprived, becoming a cultural product.

Since under certain conditions, standard dreams are prescribed, members of this community are ready to see such a dream. Thus, this kind of significant dreams even at the initial stage of processing are largely deprived of individual traits, and the challenge largely consists of bringing it under standardized schemes. As a result, we get a closed system aimed at maintaining and preserving the tradition, where the dream ceases to be only an individual psychological phenomenon, and begins to exist within the "cultural model of dreams".

Output

1. In science, an idea of \u200b\u200bthe dream was formed not only as an individual psychological, but also as a cultural phenomenon, which allows it to make it an object of cultural research. The semiotic approach to the study of the phenomenon of dreams in the texts of culture is most promising in the methodological plan for a number of humanitarian sciences. This approach comes from the parcel that the dreams are culturally due, and all our judgments about dreams are totally mediated by the cultural language we use. In traditional communities there are structures of dreams that depend on the socially transmitted sample of beliefs, and stop appearing when this belief loses support.

Understanding the dream in the traditional community as one of the ways of thinking and, therefore, one of the ways to organize knowledge, as well as the concept of a "cultural dream model", implying that people see dreams within a sample of a given culture can be a methodological basis for cultural projects for studying a dream as a cultural phenomenon.

2. The ideas about the sacredness of dreams, universal for most traditional crops, has a basis in understanding the state of sleep as a space of communication with the world of the dead, undergoing the following evolution: the world of the dead -\u003e the world of the ancestors -\u003e the world of the first-enders - "World of Spirits -\u003e The World of Gods. In traditional communities, the significance of a dream directly relates to the social status of the dream. The importance of dreaming nailed is binary. On the one hand, this is the need for prophetic dreams (in the situation of the impossibility of rational forecasting), based on attributing the dead ability to know the future. On the other hand, for representatives of the archaic crops of dreams, they carry a threat, because plunging into sleep, the person turns out to be in the contact zone between the world of living and dead. For this reason, both the very state of sleep and in particular certain normatively attached images and scenes of dreams traditionally considered dangerous, became the object of specific rituals of protection, quantitatively superior rituals of the acquisition of prophetic dreams, being a reflection of more ancient and sought-after ideas.

3. Dreams in traditional communities are due to a certain cultural model of dreams determining individual-psychological experience and is a closed system aimed at maintaining tradition. Another powerful side of this system is the possibility of introducing innovations on the basis of a dream cult, which allows you to respond to the time calls using traditional ways to transfer experience.

4. Understandable as a means of communication with Sacred space, existing in agreement with the cultural model prescribed to him, a phenomenon of sleep and dreams performs a number of significant cultural functions in the traditional community, such as (1) prognostic, (2) innovative, (3) legitimizing or sacralizing features.

Conclusion

In this literary review, using sources of information, I outlined detailed information about such a process as a dream. In the course of work, I described the functions of sleep and dreams, a dream processing scheme, etc., sleep time is not crossed out of life, but has a certain impact on a person in a state of waking