Features of the location and structure of the gaymorny sinuses. Occonduct sinus

35831 0

- the largest of the incomplete sinuses (see Fig. 1). The sinus shape mainly corresponds to the shape of the body of the upper jaw. The volume of the sinus has age and individual differences. The sinus can continue in Alveolar, Zhilogo, Opening and Labor Process. In the sinus distinguish the top, medial, transcereral, rear agent and lower walls. It appears before other sinuses and newborns have in the form of a small fifth. The sinus gradually increases by the period of puberty, and at the old age becomes even more due to the resorption of bone tissue.

Top wall sickooseparating it from the orphanage, at a greater mass consists of a compact substance and has a thickness of 0.7-1.2 mm, thickened at the sublizzhent edge and the zicky process. The lower wall of the under-judicial canal and the porzhazhnichny groove is very thin. Sometimes in some parts of the bone, it is completely absent, and the nerve and vessels passing in this channel are separated from the mucous membrane of the maxillary sinus only by the periosteum.

Medial wall, bordering the nasal cavity, consists entirely of compact substance. Its thickness is the smallest in the middle of the lower edge (1.7-2.2 mm), the greatest - in the region of the front angle (3 mm). At the place of transition to the rear agent wall, the medial wall is thin, when switching to the front it is thickened and there is a fang alveol. In the upper seat of this wall there is a hole - the topless cleft, which connects the sinus with the middle nasal stroke.

Overlate wall In the field of the fanging fossa, several apart. In this place, it consists entirely of a compact substance and has the smallest thickness (0.2-0.25 mm). As the wall removes from the hole, the wall is thickened (4.8-6.4 mm). Alveolar, cheekly, frontal processes and the lower decoral edge of the soccer, the compact plates of this wall are separated by the spongy substance to the outer and inner. Antercore wall contains several front alveolar tubules, which come from the attribute channel to the roots of the front teeth and employees to pass vessels and nerves to the front teeth.

Fig. 1. Topper dashy; Frontal cutting skull, rear view:

1 - furrow of the upper sagittal sinus; 2 - a roasting comb; 3 - lattice plate; 4 - frontal sinus; 5 - lattice labyrinth; 6 - Elets; 7 - maxillary sinus; 8 - couch; 9 - the incisive hole; 10 - notice proceedings; 11 - bottom nose sink; 12- average nasal sink; 13 - upper nasal sink; 14 - perpendicular plate of lattice bone

Rear agent wall At a greater distance, it is a compact plate that expands in the transition to zilly and alveolar processes and contains the spongy substance in these places. The wall thickness is the smallest in the upper seat (0.8-1.3 mm), the greatest - near the alveolar process at the level of the 2nd molar (3.8-4.7 mm). The thicker of the rear agent walls are the rear alveolar tubules, from which branches connect with the front and medium alveolar tubules are departed. With strong pneumatization of the upper jaw, as well as as a result of pathological changes, the inner wall of the tubules is thinned and the mucous membrane of the maxillary sinus arrives to alveolar nerves and vessels.

The lower wall has a shape of a gutter, where the front -lateral, medial and rear agent of the sinuses converge. The bottom of the gutter in some cases is smooth, in others has a protrusion corresponding to Alveolas of 4 front teeth. Compulsion of the alvetol of teeth is most pronounced on the jaws, in which the bottom of the sinus is at the level of the nasal cavity or below it. The thickness of the compact plate separating the bottom of the alvealum of the 2nd molar from the bottom of the maxillary sinus often does not exceed 0.3 mm.

Ocanification: In the middle of the 2nd month of the intrauterine development in the connective tissue of the maxillary and medial nasal processes, several oxidation points appear, which merge by the end of the 3rd month, forming the body, nasal and chicken outflow of the upper jaw. An independent point of ossification has a cutting bone. At the 5-6th month of the intrauterine period, the maxillary sinus begins to develop.

Anatomy of man S.S. Mikhailov, A.V. Chukbar, A.G. Tsybulkin

The nose of a person is surrounded by four vapors of the air cavities, which perform a part of the functions of the mucous membrane. The largest pair is on the upper jaw on the right and to the left of the nose. The maxillary sinus is also called the Gaimores of the sinus named British Medica Nathaniel Gaimor, who was the first to describe its main alert - sinusitis.

Anatomical structure and physiological role of maxillary cavities

Nose sinuses are located inside the body of the upper jaw and have the shape of an irregular four-pyramid. Each volume can vary in the range of 10 to18 cubic centimeters. The maxillary sinuses of the nose in one person can have different sizes.

Inside, they are lined with a mucous membrane of a flicker cylindrical epithelium, the thickness of which is about 0.1 mm. The flicker epithelium provides the movement of the mucus in a circle to the medial corner, where the ombus is located, connecting it with an average nose.

The structure of the geimor sinuses is quite complex, in each of them distinguish 5 main walls:

• The nasal (medial) is most important in the clinical plan. It consists of a bone plate, gradually turning into the mucous membrane. It has a hole that provides a connection with the nose.
• Facial (front) is the most dense, covered with tissues of cheeks, it can be spoken. Located in the so-called "dog (canine) jammer" between the lower edge of the society and the alveolar jaw process.
• The orphanage (top) is the thinnest, in its thickness there is a plexus of venous vessels and a porazhnny nerve, which can provoke complications on the brain shell and eyes.
• The rear wall is thick, has access to the roller, the maxillary artery and the upper-eyed nerve.
• The lower wall (bottom) is the alveolar process, which is most often located at the level of the nose. If the bottom is located below, it is possible to protrude the roots of the teeth inside the walls of the gaimore sinus.

The role of sinuses is still not fully found. To date, based on accumulated data, scientists allocate internal and external functions performed by them.

Outdoor functions include:

• secretor (mucus provision), protective, suction;
• resonator (participation in the formation of speech);
• reflex;
• participation in the olfactory process;
• regulation of intrainosum pressure.

Also, the presence of emptiness in the skull reduces the mass of the upper jaw.

Drainage and ventilation are calculated to the internal functions. Sinuses are capable normal Function only in the presence of permanent drainage and aeration. The air flow passing through the passage forms air exchange in the sinuses, while the anatomy of sinuses is that at the moment of breath the air does not fall into them.

Thus, in the gaymorovy sinuses, the structure is subordinated to ensuring nasal respiration. The reduced pressure in voids during inhalation and the location of the fatality allow the heated and moistened air from the sinuses to get into the inhaled air and warmed it. On the exhalation due to changes in pressure, air falls into physiological emptiness, pneumatization occurs.

Experimental epithelium, which is covered with the inside, each maxillary sinus, with a strictly defined rhythmic movement of the ciliations, move mucus, pill or alien particles into the nasophalty through the odds. The ciliary length is 5-7 microns, speed is about 250 cycles per minute. The mucus is moving at a speed of 5 to 15 millimeters per minute.

The motor function of the flicker epithelium depends on the pH level (norm is not higher than 7-8) and air temperature (not lower than 17 degrees). When these indicators are exceeded, the activity of the ciliates slows down. Violation of aeration and drainage leads to the occurrence of pathological processes in sinus.

Ostope is a hole with a length of about 5 mm oval or round shape, covered with a mucous membrane with a small amount of vessels and nerve endings. Cilia in Sisté constantly move the secret towards the exit. In normal operation of the cilia and the progress of a sufficient width, the mucus is not accumulated in sinuses even in the presence of a respiratory disease.

The diameter of the reservoir hole is able to decrease and increase. The expansion occurs due to edema of the mucous weight and moderate.

A constantly expanded hole can cause the development of cyst due to the injection of air jets into one and that f times.

Prerequisites for strokes may be such:

• strong edema due to a viral disease;
• the presence of polyps, tumors and various pathologies;
• congenital features of the human body (for example, narrow from the nature of the excavation).

The narrowed stroke does not provide a quick mucus removal, which is stirred inside. At the same time, inflammation begins, the pathogenic microbes are quickly multiplied and the pus is formed, which indicates the development of a hymorite.

The reasons for the development of sinusitis (sinusitis)

The sinusitis is an inflammation of the maxillary appendage cavities, most often due to an infection that has fallen into them through blood or with breathing. However, the causes of the occurrence of illness can be revealed much more.

The main ones are:

• unrealized or poorly cured rhinitis (runny nose);
• infection of the nasopharynx of pathogenic bacteria and viruses;
• transferred diseases (ORVI, flu), a launched cold;
• injury to the wall of the maxillary sinus;
• long-term find in the room with warm and dry air, as well as on chemically harmful production;
• bad hygiene of the mouth, especially teeth;
• supercooling of the body, drafts;
• weakened immunity;
• violation of the secretory function of the glands;
• impaired anatomy (curvature) of the nasal partition;
• the growth of polyps and adenoids;
• allergic reactions;
• heavy defaults (neoplasms, mushroom mushroom, tuberculosis).

The prerequisite for the development of sinusitis is often a long-term use of a patient with a vasoconstrictor effect, designed to treat a cold.

Symptoms and types of illness

Depending on the localization of the inflammatory process, the sinusitis is right-sided, left-sided or bilateral. The patient's condition is gradually deteriorating, especially in the evening. The main signs of illness:

• allocations from nasal strokes in which mucus and pus are present;
• a sense of pressure in the area of \u200b\u200bbridges, amplified when the head slope;
• nasal congestion, full or alternately left and right side;
• worsening memory and bad sleep;
• high temperature at acute form (up to 39-40 degrees), chills;
• malaise, weakness, lethargy, fast fatigue, sharp decrease in performance;
• the pain in the nose, turning on the forehead, whiskey, and the eye, the gums, over time covers the whole head;
• labored breathing;
• voice changes (bellows).

When sinusitis, abundant discharge from the nose is most often observed. This is due to the fact that mucus, blood clots and pus accumulate in the nasal cavities. Depending on the color of the discharge, experts distinguish the main stages of the development of the disease:

• white - initial stage or stage of recovery (with thick consistency);
• green - the presence of acute inflammation in sinuses;
• yellow - in the secret is pus, it is an acute form of illness, requiring an intervention of a otolaryngologist.

The very difficult situation is the situation in which the clots and streaks of blood are in secret. Gaimorov sinuses are located near vital organs, so serious complications are possible with a launched disease.

Depending on the cause of the disease, such types of sinusites distinguish:

Diagnosis and treatment of sinusitis

To determine the causes of the occurrence and stage of development of the ailment, the otolaryngologist examines the nasal moves. To obtain a more complete clinical picture, X-ray or computed tomography of cavities is carried out.

With conservative therapy of sinusitis, general and local methods are combined, aimed at suppressing pathogenic microflora, purification and sanitation of the organ:

• Drops and sprays. They give a vasoconductive effect (Galazoline, naphtizin, xylomezoline), may also contain auxiliary substances of antihistamine properties (vibration, cetirizine) or local antibiotics (bioparox, polydex).
• Antiseptics in the form of droplets and washing solutions provide an outflow of secretion and cleansing of nasal moves (Miramistin, dioxidine, protorgol, furaciline, chlorhexidine). It is necessary to listen to the recommendations of the doctor, since many of them have contraindications for children or pregnant women.
• Antibiotics. Preparations of penicillin groups (Flemoclav, Amoxiclav), cephalosporins (Cephixim, Panzef), macrolides (clarithromycin, azithromycin) are used.

If drug treatment does not give a proper effect or talk completely, the doctor can resort to the sinus wall puncture.

When puncture, the syringe pumps the accumulated exudate, the cavity is washed and anti-inflammatory drugs and antibiotics are introduced into it. The puncture allows you to cure in a more compressed duration. Also in modern medicine, special yamik catheters and the method of balloon sinusoplasty are used, allowing to avoid puncture.

Inadequate treatment of sinusitis can lead to serious complications - meningitis, inflammation of the visual nerve, osteomyelitis of facial bones

Cleansing sinuses at home

Additional to the medication to therapy can be the use of folk treatment methods. Clean the affected cavity can be used by such recipes:

• Washing with a salt of sea salt (no more than 1 teaspoon on the floor-liter of boiled water). Tilting the head, you should pour a solution in a nostril with a chairs or a syringe without a needle, without creating strong pressure. Water should flow through another nostril.
• After washing, it is recommended to drip in each nostril 2 drops of the essential oil of the Tui. This procedure must be repeated three times a day for two weeks.
• 20% Alcohol tincturing of propolis mixed with vegetable oil (1: 1) and burst into each nostril.
• Sea buckthorn oil is dropped in nostrils or used with inhalations (10 drops on a pot of boiling water, breathe 10-15 minutes).

The nose is the initial part of the upper respiratory tract and is divided into three departments:
- Outdoor nose.
- Nasal cavity.
- Occolone sinuses.

Outdoor nose
The outer nose is a bone-cartilage pyramid, covered with skin. The following elements of the outer nose are distinguished: root, back, rods, wings and tip. Its walls are formed by the following tissues: bone, cartilage and skin.

1. The bone of the island consists of the following elements:
-par nose bones;
- global processes of the upper jaw;
- Lob's bone transformation.
2. Counting of the outer nose paired:
-Angular;
-shill;
- Advice.
3. The skin covering the nose has the following features:
-Bill of sebaceous glands, mainly in the lower third of the outer nose;
- a large amount of hairs in anticipation of the nose that perform a protective function;
- Blood vessels, anastomosing among themselves.

Nose cavity- The space between the front cranial pocket and the oral cavity. The nasal cavity is divided by a partition on the right and left half and has the front openings - nostrils and rear - joans leading to the nasophalc. Each half of the nose has four walls.

Medial wall, or nasal partition, is formed:
quadrangular cartilage in the forefront;
perpendicular plate of lattice bone in the upper part;
Communist in the Lower Summer Department.

Top Wall It consists of a reinforced plate of the lattice bone, through which the sprigs of the olfactory nerve and vessels pass.

Lower wall or bottom of the nasal cavity, formed:
Alveolar overhead jaw process;
by the top jaw process;
Horizontal plate sky bone.

Lateral wallhaving the greatest clinical significance is the most difficult structure. It is formed by the following bones: nasal, tear, lattice, basic and parallers. On the inner surface of the lateral wall there are three bone protrusions - nasal shells. The upper and middle nasal sinks are aggravated bone process, and the bottom is an independent bone. Under the sinks are the corresponding nasal moves - the upper, medium and lower. The space between the nasal partition and the edges of the nasal shells forms a general nose. In early children, the lower nose sink is tightly adjacent to the bottom of the nasal cavity, which leads to a complete shutdown of nasal respiration, even with insignificant inflammation of the mucous membrane.

Great clinical importance are the anatomical formations located in the nasal strokes:

in the bottom nasal The withdrawal opening of the rosal canal opens, the delay of its discovery leads to a violation of the outflow of tears, cystic expansion of the channel and narrowing the nasal strokes in newborns;

in the middle nosethe maxillary sinus opens, in the front part - the frontal sinus canal, in the middle of the stroke - the front and medium cells of the lattice bone;

in the top nose Wedge-shaped sinus and rear cells of the lattice labyrinth opens.

The nasal cavity can be divided into three areas: anticipation, respiratory and olfactory.

Spell Limited by wings of the nose, the edge is littered with a strip of skin 4-5 mm, equipped with a large amount of hairs that perform a protective function, but also creating conditions for the occurrence of boils and sycosis.

Respiratory area It occupies the space from the bottom of the nasal cavity to the lower edge of the middle nasal shell and is lined with a mucous membrane with a cylindrical fiscal epithelium. It contains a large number of glassworm cells separating mucus, and branched alveolar glands producing a serous secret. The movement of the ciliary epithelium is directed towards Hoan. Under the mucous membrane of the nasal shells there is a fabric consisting of vascular plexus and resembling a cavernous tissue. The latter contributes to instant swelling of the mucous membrane and narrowing the nasal moves under the influence of physical, chemical and psychogenic stimuli.

Obony Located in the upper seat of the nasal cavity department, the boundary of it is the lower edge of the middle nasal shell. This zone is lined with an olfactory epithelium containing olfactory spindle-shaped cells, support cells and glands that produce a special secret for dissolving organic substances.

Occonduct sinusthere are aircraft cavities located around the nasal cavity and communicating with it through outlet openings or ducts.
There are four pairs of sinuses:
topper,
frontal,
Grid Labyrinth I.
Wedge-shaped (basic).

Topper dashy, (It is Gaimores) located in the body of the upper-chain bone, is a pyramid of an irregular shape of 15 to 20 cm3.
The front or front wall of the sinuse has a deepening, called a dog pamper. In this area, the sinus is usually opened.
The medial wall is the lateral wall of the nasal cavity and contains a natural outlet with a medium nasal stroke. It is located almost under the roof of the sinus, which makes it difficult for the outflow of content and contributes to the development of stagnant inflammatory processes.
The top wall of the sinus is at the same time the lower wall of the orbit. It is quite subtle, often has bone unguards, which contributes to the development of intraocal complications.
The lower wall is formed by an alveolar overflow of the upper jaw and usually takes space from the second premolant to the second molar. Low position of the bottom of the sinus contributes to the close location of the roots of the teeth to the casualties. In some cases, the top of the roots of the teeth will end in the lumen of the sinus and are only covered with the mucous membrane, which can contribute to the development of one-hydrogen infection of the sinuses, entering the sealing material into the sides cavity or the formation of a resistant perforative hole when the tooth is removed.
The back wall of the sinus is thick, borders with the cells of the lattice labyrinth and the wedge-shaped sinus.

Frontal sickness Located in the thick of the frontal bone and has four walls:
the bottom of the ordown is the finest,
front - the largest to 5-8 mm,
rear, separating the sinus from the front cranial fossa, and
Inner - partition.
The frontal sinus is reported to the nasal cavity with a thin winding channel, which opens in the front department of the middle nasal stroke. The magnitude of the sinus ranges from 3 to 5 cm3, and in 10-15% of cases it may be absent.

Grid labyrinth It is located between the eye and the nasal cavity and consists of 5-20 aircraft cells, each of which has its own output holes in the nasal cavity. Three groups of cells distinguish: the front and medium, opening up in the middle nose, and the rear opening in the upper nose.

Wedge-shaped Or the main one, the sinus is located in the body of a wedge-shaped bone, divided by a partition into two halves, having an independent exit to the area of \u200b\u200bthe upper nasal stroke. Near the wedge-shaped sinus there are cavernous sinus, carotid artery, cross-doors, pituitary glands. As a result, the inflammatory process of a wedge-shaped sinus is a serious danger.

Features of the structure of the incomplete sinuses in childhood

The newborn has only two sinuses: the topless sinus and the lattice labyrinth.

Topper-eyed sinusit is a fold of a mucosa length about 1 cm in the inner angle of the orbit, lancer, under the lower wall of the orbit, there are two rows of incidents of dairy and constant teeth. By the end of the first year of life, the sinus acquires a rounded form. By 6-7 years, the teeth gradually occupy their position, and the sinus becomes multifaceted. In early childhood, the closer is closest to the sinus, there are two premolars and a molar in 6 years. By 12 years, the volume of the sinus increases and the topography approaches the norm of an adult.

The cells of the lattice labyrinth Newborns are in the infancy and are fully developed by 14-16 years.

The frontal and wedge-shaped sinuses in newborns are missing and begin to form from 3-4 years of age. The frontal sinuses are developing from the front cells of the lattice labyrinth and the amount of about 1 cm3 has 6 years. Wedge-shaped sinuses are formed from the cells of the lattice labyrinth located in the body of a wedge-shaped bone. The final development of the sinuses ends to 25-30 years.

Gaimorov sinuses are the apparent sinuses of the nose located in the frontal or abandoned zone. In babies, they are presented with narrow slits, the size of which increases with age. In an adult, this cavity is sizing with walnut. In the normal state, they must be "empty", and with an inflammatory process, purulent liquid begins in them.

Where are the gaymorkas sinuses

The arrangement of the gaymore sinuses may be frontal or topless. The cavities on both sides of the nasal wings are called maxillary. They are formed during the intrauterine development of the child. When the baby is born, instead of the sinus, he has small recesses. The process of their complete formation lasts long, and their development is completed only by 15-20 years. Air-capable gifts sinuses are in the dice of the upper jaw. Normally, they are filled with air.

The second pair of sinuses is located in the forehead area, so they are called frontal. They have the shape of the wrong pyramid.

Anatomy of the incomplete sinus

The separation sinuses consist of 4 walls. The top rests in the zyloma process, and the lower is in the side of the nose. From the inside they are lined with a thin mucous membrane, on which the cilia of the fiscal epithelium is located. With their help, the accumulating mucus is removed into the nasal cavity. In the absence of pathologies, they are connected to the nasal cavity, so they are filled with air.

The sinuses are rather large sizes - the volume of each reaches 30 cm3. It depends on the wall thickness. The sinuses can be symmetrical or asymmetric (one differs in shape and size from the other).

In the mucous membranes of the nasal sinuses there are practically no nerve endings and vessels. In the results of inflammatory processes are rarely accompanied by pain symptom. But they may indicate other signs. The lower wall of the sinuses is very thin, so it is often subjected to inflammatory processes.

The structure of the human sinuses is the same, but their form may differ from different people. It depends on age and on the individual characteristics of the human body.

What needs nasal sinus

Gaimorov sinuses perform very important functions. They are necessary for the formation of nasal respiration, smell, participate in the formation of a voice in humans. Therefore, when an inflammatory process in the field of them is observed, this can lead to a violation of the respiratory process and voice change.

Inflammation of the gaymorovy sinuses, the main reasons

With inflammation of the sinuses of the nose in the patient diagnose sinusitis. This disease may occur for various reasons:

• Chronic rhinitis, which lead to the weakening of the nasal mucosa.
• Low immunity associated with chronic diseases of the body, supercooling and other reasons.
• The presence in the body of an inflammatory hearth, for the treatment of which antiviral drugs or antibiotics do not apply.
• Improper structure of the nose, in particular, curvature of the nasal partition.
• Allergic reaction. In this case, inflammation is of seasonal character or observed after the frequent effects of allergens on the body.
• Increased adenoids. This can lead to an inflammatory process in children.
• Long stay indoors with dry air. This leads to the cut of the mucous membranes, which is why microcracks appear on their surface, local immunity decreases.
• Tompetions in the field of hymic melor.
• The presence of pathogenic microorganisms (for example, fungus), which lead to damage to the mucous membranes.

The maxillary sinuses can be inflamed due to problems with teeth, as they are in close proximity to them.

Because of the inflammation of the gaymorovy sinuses, the quality of life is worsen, human well-being is disturbed. Therefore, in order to avoid this unpleasant situation, it is necessary to eliminate the impact on the body listed factors.

Forms of hymorita

The inflammatory process may be bilateral or one-sided. In the first case, the left and right topless sinuses are affected, and in the second - only one of them.

Spring may have an acute or chronic course. The acute disease is accompanied by very pronounced symptoms, resembles a cold, lasts no more than 3 weeks. Chronic disease is accompanied by less significant features. It can last from 2 months or more.

The main signs of the inflammatory process

Symptoms of inflammation can be almost imperceptible. But in most cases, the disease is accompanied by pronounced signs. With an inflammatory process, a person can observe such manifestations:

• Abundant purulent discharge from the nasal cavity. They have a greenish tint, very thick, may have an unpleasant smell. At the same time, the nose is constantly laid, a person is hard to breathe, he can not climb. The sense of smell is disturbed, the perception of some odors is hampered.
• Due to the constant runny nose, the voice can change, it becomes bent.
• Increase body temperature. It is usually insignificant, but sometimes the thermometer marks can reach 39-40 degrees.
• Sometimes patients complain that Gaimores is a sinus. But such a phenomenon is observed very rarely. After all, in the area of \u200b\u200bthe sinuses there are no nerve endings. Paints may occur only with a very pronounced inflammatory process.
• Cheeks and eyelids may look beaten, if you click on them, minor pains can be observed.
• The person complains about constant weakness, apathy, reduced performance.
• Eyes hurt, possibly tearing. Some patients develop lights.
• Very pronounced headaches in the forehead. Usually they are intensified in the afternoon.

A feature of such pain is that they are not removed by painkillers that help with migranes. To combat them, it is possible to warm up, the use of warming ointments.

With a bilateral inflammatory process, symptoms are much more pronounced. The patient becomes hard to perform any movement head. For example, when inclined, he is gravating the pressure inside the skull. A person can hear how the pulse beats in his head.

Any mental work is difficult. Mind activities are violated, the person is quickly tired. Empire spreads to both cheeks. The patient can completely lose the smell.

Diagnosis of hymorita

Many patients often confuse samorite symptoms with conventional cold or rhinitis. As a result, the disease can go into a chronic form. If the runny nose is protracted, and its symptoms do not decrease more than 3 days, it is necessary to consult with a otolaryngologist.

The doctor will examine the patient. With suspected inflammation of the gaymorek sinuses, X-ray can be assigned. This is a very informative study. On the X-ray, the structure of the nasal cavity and the sinuses is clearly seen, and the presence of in them in pus or the development of any neoplasms is clearly visible.

CT is appointed less often for the diagnosis of samorite. Such a study is quite expensive, but it is very informative and accurate. Contraindicated during pregnancy.

Also explore the gaymors of the sinuses can be using ultrasound. With ultrasound examination, the anatomy of the sinuses is visible, the presence of purulent exudate in them. But this diagnostic test is appointed less often, as it is inferior to the above methods.

How to treat gaymorkas sinuses

For the treatment of hymoritus, it is necessary to contact a specialist. Self-treatment can be dangerous. For example, you can run the course of the disease, and acute pathology will switch to chronic.

The treatment diagram depends on the characteristics of the pathological process. Usually the doctor prescribes the following drugs:

• Antibiotics. Used only in cases where the cause of the inflammatory process was the pathogenic microflora. Penicillins, macrolides, cephalosporins can be appointed.
• Antiseptic preparations. Showing for the treatment of viral form of the disease. The doctor may appoint Miramistin, Furacilin and other means.
• Preparations for washing and irrigation of the nasal cavity. Salt solutions are very effective. For example, Dolfin, Aquamaris and others.

• Homeopathic preparations. Their advantage in almost completely natural composition, so they do not have contraindications. Such funds have antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effect. They stimulate the elimination of the accumulated purulent exudate from the incomplete sinuses.
• Nasal drops. They are necessarily picking up the attending physician. During treatment, the patient must comply with all its recommendations. For example, vesseloring drops are forbidden to use longer than a week. Their long-term use can lead to the weary of the nose vessels, which can cause bleeding.
• Antipyretic drugs. Assigns when the sinusitis has an acute course and is accompanied by a high temperature.
• Anti-inflammatory means. Remove inflammation, reduce the ethnicity, restore nasal breathing.

In addition, auxiliary procedures can be used to remove the inflammatory process. But when they are conducted, it is necessary to take into account possible contraindications.

Nose washing

The procedure can be carried out at home. But at the same time it is important to tilt the head correctly so that the flushing fluid gets into one nostril and was output from the other. Otherwise, along with purulent exudate, it can get into the middle ear cavity, which can cause various complications.

For washing, you can use ready-made marine salts based on pharmacies. You can cook them yourself. It is necessary to boil 250 ml of water, wait for it a little cooled. Dissolve in a warm liquid 0.5 h. Salt. You can also add iodine droplet (but not more, as it can lead to the drying of the mucous membrane).

Wash the nose with a hymorite can be hijacked. Suitable infusions made from chamomile, calendula, hunter and other plants. But it is better to consult with your doctor, which is better to use for washing.

When conducting a procedure, it is necessary to take into account the following rules:

• Clear nose from mucus. To do this, you must unimpose.
• If there is an edema of the nasal mucosa, it is recommended to use vasoconducting drugs.
• Screw fluid for washing into a syringe or in a fringe. To lean over the sink, bowing the head of the sidelines.
• Enter the liquid in the nostril, then tilt the head to the other side. In this case, the purulent fluid must lean herself.
• The same is repeated for another nostril.

It is possible to carry out the above procedure only adults. If the sinusitis is observed at the child up to 12 years old, it can also be washing, but only under the supervision of the parents.

Warming up the nose and the gaymers

Such a procedure is recommended not in all cases of the disease. It can be carried out only at the initial stages of the development of the inflammatory process. Also, warming up can be made with a prophylactic goal when overcooling or contact with influenza patients. It is forbidden to warm up when there is a temperature. Because of this procedure, it can increase even more.

To warm it, you can use a table salt. It must be put on the pan and warm up for a few minutes. Stay on a tight fabric hot salt, wrap it and applied to the nose or to the hymorovy sinuses. Keep such a compress until the salt is completely cool.

Inhalation

This is a very effective procedure that quickly facilitates the state of hymorite. When inhalation of hot steam, purulent liquid is displayed, the nasal passages can be cleaned and open, breathing facilitates. In addition, the inhalation is removed by the edema.

Steam inhalations are prohibited at elevated body temperature. Inhalation fluid should have 80-85 degrees, otherwise pairs can lead to a nasal mucosa burn.

You can use various components - sea salt, medicinal plants, soda. Raw materials are added in only boiling water, leave for 2-3 minutes so that the liquid is slightly cooled. Then conduct inhalations. From above, it is necessary to cover the head with a towel. Also, for the procedure, you can use a special device - nebulizer.

The use of folk remedies for the removal of the edema

The following folk remedies will help reduce the edema of the nose mucous membrane with a hymorite:

• Cut the egg scout. Clean it with hot and attach to the inflamed gaimor sinus or immediately to both. Such warming reduces the severity of the edema and facilitates the patient's well-being.
• Boil the water, then add 0.5 hours to it. Alcohol tinctures of propolis. Inhale couples for 5-10 minutes.
• Prepare herbal collection from sage, lavender, daisies, turns and sage (all herbs take in the same quantity). Take 2 tbsp. l. The obtained collection and brew their liter of boiling water. Take 3 glasses per day without sugar with small sips.
• Take a small amount of rye flour and stir it with honey to make a tight dough. To blind "Turundas" and put them in the nasal moves. Keep 40-50 minutes. Such a means stimulates the effective destruction of pus.
• From Cleuster and Aloe, press juice, add honey (all the ingredients are taken in equal volumes). Put the preparation obtained into each nostril 5-6 times a day. The medicine very effectively removes the nasal congestion.
• Every day, before bedtime, bodied into the nasal move several droplets of melted natural butter.

Gaimorov sinuses perform very important functions. However, they are pretty vulnerable and often exposed to an inflammatory process - sinusitis. It is important to diagnose the disease in time and undergo a course of treatment.. Otherwise, pathology can go into a chronic form.