1. Suffix -Н- written:

· In adjectives formed from nouns using the suffixes -AN-, -IN-, -YAN-: leather - leather, goose - goose, silver - silver.EXCEPTIONS: wooden, pewter, glass.

· In adjectives and participles formed from imperfective verbs that do not have dependent words with them: forged, loaded, baked, gilded, smoked.EXCEPTIONS:

seen, given, done, desired, cutesy, slow, infatuated, sacred, heard, arrogant.

In adjectives with the prefix HE-: quicklime, uninvited, unmown, unbleached, unworn. EXCEPTIONS:

unexpected, unexpected, unheard-of, unprecedented, unintentional, unreasonable.

· In short forms of the passive participles of the past tense: seeded, filled, given, excited.

· In short adjectives and in adverbs formed from full adjectives with -Н-: confused - confused, mad - mad, gilded - gilded, ruddy - blush, young - young.

In adjectives related to non-derivatives: crimson, green, blue, ruddy, young, and also in some other adjectives: mutton, single, pork, smart.

2. Suffix -НН- written:

· In adjectives formed from nouns ending in -Н: long, valuable, captive, picturesque.

· In adjectives with suffixes -ОНН - / - ЕНН-: propaganda, station, cranberry, straw.

In adjectives formed from perfective verbs, usually with prefixes or with dependent words: frozen, mowed, forged, smoked, purchased, sun-dried. EXCEPTIONS: named brother, planted father, dowry.

· In adjectives formed from verbs ending in -OBAT / EVAT: uprooted, motivated.

· In adjectives formed from nouns ending in -МЯ: nominal, seed, temporary, parietal.

In short adjectives and adverbs formed from full adjectives with -НН-: inspired, excited, educated(those. literate).

NOTE:

1. In some cases, the spelling of adjectives with -Н- or -НН- is determined by the semantics of the word.

wind have:

the suffix -YAN- if they define an object powered by the force of the wind (windmill);

suffix -EN- if they identify an object containing wind (windy day, windy girl);

suffix -ENN- in all prefixed formations (windless, leeward, weathered).

Adjectives from the productive stem butter have:

the suffix -ЯН- if they define what is cooked in oil, or what runs on oil (oil paint, oil pump);

suffix -EN- if they define something that is specially buttered (butter pancakes, butter cakes, hence Pancake week, this also includes the metaphorical epithet buttered eyes);

suffix -ENN- in participles and adjectives with dependent words (oiled hands, oiled sweatshirt).

2. It is necessary to distinguish between the forms of a short adjective and a short participle in the function of the predicate: the girl is brought up - the girl is brought up by her grandmother; the woman is educated - the department was formed last year; the group is organized in all matters - the conference is organized by the department.

Questions for control:

Tasks on the topic:

Exercise 1... Form verb forms in which the vowel infinitive is preserved in the suffixes.

Hang, fold, knead, stir, deflate, roll out.

Task 2. Explain how words in pairs differ. Use the reference material to explain the spelling.

To decorate - to paint, to be late - to participate, to count - to advise, to manage - to advise, to confess - to educate, to dance - to hum.

Task 3. Write off, highlighting spelling and grouping words by columns:

1) action. and present vr., 2) suffering. and present time., 3) action. and pr. r., 4) suffering. and pr. vr. Explain the spelling of words according to the scheme (see "Reference material").

Creeping, barking, barking, driving, noticing, noticed, mixed (in the dough) - kneaded (dough), sawing, stabbing, struggling, developed, cherished, pumped out (from the barrel of oil) - pumped out (from the basement barrel), secured, hung (paintings in the gallery), hung (sugar by a kilogram), circled, groomed, ventilated, provided, curing, gluing, glued, patient, loving, dispelled, traveled, dependent, breathing, pouring.

Task 4. Insert the missing letters, justify your choice.

Corrected ... work done by someone, dumped ... cargo, cleared paths; the building is about to be built ... but; alarmed ... unpleasant news, crowned ... laurels, scattered rays, unnoticed ... friend, tangled ... hare tracks strewn ... with leaves of the coastal park, offended ... that girl, lost time; the snow has melted ... l unexpectedly, did not offend ... who lied to anyone.

Task 5. Insert the missing letters.

Cultivated ... nny, kneaded ... nnoe (dough), dropped ... ny, noticed ... nny, engaged in ..., meaningful ... my, studied ... my, cherished ... my, melee. ..shy, underweight ... nnoe (grain), underweight ... nnye (curtains), independent ..., hated ... my, offended ... my, justifiable ... my, noted ... my, transferred ... nnnoe, shot ... nny (deer), shot ... nnoe (gun), shot ... nnoe (traitors), scattered ... nn, scattered ... , creeping ... dragging ... dragging, ... dragging, lost ... thrown, crowned ...

Task 6. Explain the difference in spelling of words in paired phrases.

The woman is smart and educated. - The commission was formed a few days ago.

The children were inattentive and absent-minded. - The troops are scattered through the forest. He speaks depressed. - The uprising was suppressed. The decision is hasty, ill-considered. - The decision has not been thought out by anyone. Sauerkraut - sauerkraut for the winter. Unmown meadow. - Mown meadow. Come to a dinner party. - Not invited guests. Named brother. - Named after you. Windy day. - Windless day.

Remember:nezva n th, name n oh, nevida nn oh, unheard nn oh, nezda nn oh-ness nn O

Task 7. Replace the dots with the missing letters. Explain why in some cases we write H, in others - NN.

Bees ... honey, wheat ... porridge, with thick ... milk, butter ... stain; painting, rice: .. th with oil paints; clay ... th vase, wood ... th building, are located on a visit ... itse, notice ... th shortcomings, sowing ... th rust ... th field, not yet mowed ... th meadow, somehow rassova ... thrown things, hanging ... thrown in the paying ... wardrobe, about the goal ... th harvest, the girl is very educated ... ah, far away ... ah, draw a scrap ... th line, silver and gilded ... jewelry, wounded man, seriously wounded fighter, in the morning ... dawn.

N and NN in all parts of speech

On our site you can.

1956 Rules:

Section 61 Double n is written in the suffixes -enn-, -onn- of adjectives derived from nouns, for example: straw, morbid, cranberry, artificial, internal, bucket, peculiar, dining, revolutionary, positional.

Note. In the word windy and in its derivatives, one is written n, but in the prefix formations -нн- (windless, leeward) is written.

Suffixed adjectives -yan- (-an-), formed from nouns, are written with one n, for example: hair, wood, clay, leather.

Adjectives wooden, pewter, glass are written with double n.

The suffix is ​​written with one n -in- in adjectives, for example: nightingale, chicken, living room, as well as in the noun hotel.

§ 62. Double n written in passive past participles, for example: reports read at the ceremonial meeting; a soldier wounded by an enemy bullet; a collective farm organized in 1930; a detachment reinforced by two companies; deputies elected to the Supreme Soviet.

§ 63. Double n is written in all adjectives formed from passive past participles (or by their type), if these adjectives have prefixes or end in -Owned, -Even(except for chewed and forged), for example: the patient was assigned enhanced nutrition, a volume of Pushkin's selected works was published, a sublime style, an inscribed triangle, aged wine, a trusted person, a temperate climate, refined manners, an abstract question, an absent-minded student, a worn dress, used books, a tear-stained face, a rusty key, a risky step, a spoiled child, a grubby area.

But with one n, you should write adjectives formed from the passive participles of the past tense, if these adjectives do not have a prefix and are not formed from the verbs to -yat, -you, for example: scholarly works, wounded border guards, torn clothes, smoked sausage, boiled milk, dried fish, slaked lime, pickles, pickled apples, boiled potatoes, dyed fabric.

The words desired, sacred, unexpected, unseen, unheard of, unexpected and some others, defined in dictionary order, are written with two n.

§ 64. Double n written in adverbs on -o and in nouns with suffixes on -ik, -itz, -ost, formed from adjectives, if the latter are written with two n, for example: accidentally, unheard of, agitated, agitated (agitated); confident, confident (confident); good breeding, pupil, pupil (educated); protégé (put); captive (captive); birthday boy (birthday); sennik (hay); root root (root); inherent (inherent).

If the adjective has one n, then the adverbs and nouns formed from it are written with one n eg: confused, confused, confused (confused); scientist, scholarship (scientist); hemp (hemp); silversmith (silversmith). Also, with one n, the words silver (in the meaning of a coin) and unmercenary (selfless person) are written.

Section 65. Double n is written in plural. hours and in the feminine and neuter genders. h. short adjectives formed from the passive participles of the past tense, in the full form of which - double n, for example: the groups are disciplined and organized, the girl is educated and smart; they are very distracted.

Brief passive participles are written with one n, for example: broken, broken, broken, broken, the young man was brought up by the Komsomol; the girl is pampered by upbringing; we are limited by time; students are organized into a group.

Self-explanatory sign

The rule is hard enough. We do not recommend studying it on your own. It is better if an experienced teacher explains everything. You can learn how to apply this rule at the courses on our website.

Examples of

Heat n th bow (verbal adjective in full form: no prefix, dependent word, -ovann-, -evann-, derived from the main nes. kind).

Zazhare nn th bow (participle in full form, there is a prefix).

Heat nn onion in a frying pan (participle in full form, there is a dependent word).

Konservirova nn th bow (participle in full form, there is a letter combination -ovann-).

Bow on fire n(participle in short form).

The territory is limited n and a fence (participle in short form).

These people are immoral and limited. nn s (short adjective derived from participle).

He's preoccupied nn o looked at me (adverb from preoccupied).

Society is preoccupied n about what is happening (participle in short form).

Silver n th knife (abbreviated adjective, suffix -ЯН-).

Carti nn th gallery (one letter H in the root, the other in the suffix).

Celebration nn th meeting (an unnamed adjective with the suffix -ENN-).

Everything was very triumphant nn o (adverb from solemn).

What words need to be remembered (here are exceptions + difficult cases).

One letter H is written in the words:

Forgiveness Sunday, uninvited guest, uninvited guest, living room, hotel, hotel, living room, gold-forged, planted father, named brother, windy, finished man, dowry, tricky, disguised, smart, young, ruddy, drunk, spicy, mad, red-faced, zealous, pork, chewed, forged, nibbled, dumpling, potato pancake, worker, martyr, toiler, martyr, silversmith, unmercenary, carnival, bony, powder box, alder, confusion, peat bog, length, truth.

Two letters НН are written in the words:

Glass, pewter, wood, nameless, desired, sacred, slow, unseen, unheard of, unexpected, unexpected, unintentional, desperate, cursed, made, arrogant, hammered, cutesy, homegrown, given, decided, bought, government-owned, captive, abandoned, deprived, offended, embarrassed, executed, finished business, defeated, born, baked, unremitting, let go.

Spelling N and NN in different parts of speech

Noun

NN

1. Nouns ending in -NIK, - NITSA and OST, formed from adjectives withnn are also written withnn : society nn th - society nn uk - society nn itza-society nn awn.

2.Cnn nouns formed with suffixes are also written

-NIK, -NITSA from nouns with stems onn: tribute - yes nn hic - yes nn itza .

H

1. In nouns formed from an adjective withn are written withn : NS n th - th n awn.

Remember:

give n oh, but outrageous nn itza

brought up nn uk

elect nn uk

holy nn uk

stavle nn uk

drowned nn uk

vare n uk

smoked n awn

colder n oh

torment n uk

hard n uk

study n uk

Adjective

NN

1. In adjectives formed with a suffixn from nouns stemming fromn: kame n b - kame nn th, with n -so nn oh, ba n I am - ba nn th.

Remember:

bar n ui

saza n ui

tulle n ui

This also includes adjectives formed from neuter nouns inme : name- have nn oh, flame - flame nn th, tribe - tribe nn Oh .

Remember:

green n th (but green tent)

blush n th

swi n Oh

NS n th. They are educated without the help of suffixes.

nameless nn th

just nn th.

2. In adjectives formed from nouns using the suffixes ENN, ONN:revolution - revolution he N th, society - societies yenn th .

3. In adjectives: tin nn oh, tree nn oh, glass nn th.

4. In adjectives ending in -OVANNY, -YOVANNY, formed from verbs: to risk -risky nn th , uproot -korcheva nn th.

Exceptions : kova n oh, chew n th.

5. In a few adjectives formed from verbs without prefixes or with negation not (in these adjectives nn are clearly heard ): wish - wish nn oh, not wait - no need nn oh, not guess nn oh, not easy nn oh, press nn oh, holy nn th .

6. In adjectives formed from verb stems with prefixes:losing nn th (kind), ponoche nn th (suit) .

7. Short adjectives are writtennn if they are formed from complete, havingnn : long nn th - long nn a, tse nn th - tse nn a, a celebration nn th - celebration nn NS .

8. The first stem of complex adjectives is writtennn if it is formed from an adjective withnn : vago nn o-locomotive park (wago park nn th and locomotive).

H

1. In non-prefixed adjectives formed from imperfective verbs (these verbs answer the question what to do ?): mad - mad n oh, boil - boil n th.

Remember: Non-prefixed adjectives of the type under consideration must be distinguished from similar participles, which are written with nn ... Such participles have dependent words with them:

Gruzhe n th (adjective) platform - heavier nn th (participle) stone platform.

2. Adjectives with the IN suffix:chickens in oh, gost in th.

3. Adjectives with the suffix AN, YAN:silver yang oh, hemp yang oh, ice yang Oh. Exceptions: tin nn oh, glass nn oh, tree nn th.

4. Adjectivewindy. Word prefixed adjectiveswind , are written with nn:calm nn wow nn oh, leeward nn th .

5. In the first stem of complex adjectives, n is written if the first stem is formed from a noun in n: wave n construction plant (plant for the construction of a machine n ).

It is necessary to distinguish:

the wind yen th weather - wind yang oh engine

oil yen oh damn - oil yang th cookie

silver yong th spoon - silver yang th bowl

Sol yong th fish - salt yang oh pillar

Communion

NN

1. In full passive past participles, formed from prefixed verbs:with break - break nn th, on sow - sow nn th .

Exceptions:

name n th (brother)

planted n th (father)

smarter n th (boy)

2. In full participles formed from non-prefixed perfective verbs (these verbs answer the question what to do ?): buy - buy nn th, captivate - captivity nn th.

Remember:

nezhda nn th

bad luck nn th

unheard nn th

nevida nn th

Affairs nn th

wishing nn th

inadvertently nn th

3. In the participles ending in -OVANNY, -YOVANNY:organiz oval .

Remember:

kova n th

chew n th

smoother n th - iron up n th

erased n th - rubbing n th

pisa n oh beauty

Simpler n th sunday

smoothly n th

homework n th

little n th

4. If the participle has a dependent word:sowing nn flour passed through a sieve.

H

1. In short participles:hearing n s, story n s, treason n NS.

2. If the participle does not have a dependent word, the prefix:scrap n th line

Adverbs

NN

1. If nn is written in the suffix of a full adjective or participle, nn is also preserved in the adverb:scatter nn th man - I look scattering nn oh fright nn face expression - fright nn oh calmed down .

The suffixes -н- and -нн- refer to those difficulties of Russian grammar that require memorizing a large amount of material and mastering not only the rules, but also exceptions to them. Most of these rules concern adjective names, as well as adverbs and participles. The spelling of these suffixes in nouns also has its own peculiarities.

Spelling n and nn in adjective suffixes

If an adjective is formed from a noun using suffixes such as -an-, -yan- and -in-, then it is written with one n, for example, as in the word clay. And there are three exception words to this grammatical rule: pewter, wood, glass. If suffixes such as -onn- and -enn- participated in the formation of the adjective, then you need to write double n, as in the word related.

But even from this rule there is exceptions- these are two words, windy and buttered.

If the adjective is formed from a word with a stem on -н using the suffix -н-, then a word with a doubled n is obtained, although one letter is part of the stem, and the second is a suffix - pictorial.

Adjectives can also be formed from verbs - and this makes them related to participles, so the spelling rules for n and nn in suffixes in this case will be general.

So, if an adjective or participle has a prefix or a dependent word, then doubling n should be done in the suffix: plowed, boiled in water. The same applies to cases when the word has such suffixes as -ova-, -eva-, -irova-: marinated.

In addition, if a word is formed from a verb without a prefix, but it belongs to the perfect form, it should also be doubled: bereft.

Exception from this rule is the word wounded.

In this case, one n will always be written in short participles, and in short adjectives there are as many of these letters as in full ones, with the exception of one form - this is the only masculine number, in which, as in the participles, one n is written.

It is necessary to distinguish between the participle and the verbal adjective, which often coincide. For example, the word "educated" can be both, but if the short form in the feminine form of the participle is brought up, then the adjective is educated. It is not difficult to do this - you need to put the word more in front of the “suspect”. If it is inappropriate, then it is a participle, and if it is appropriate, then an adjective.

Other difficulties with the -n- suffix

This word-formation unit is used in different parts of speech. So, in adverbs and nouns formed from adjectives, as many letters n are written as in the original word: pupil (from educated), organized (from organized).

What have we learned?

The main difficulties in choosing between n and nn in suffixes relate to adjective names. It is on their spelling that the spelling of those nouns and adverbs that are formed from them is based. Adjectives can be formed from nouns and verbs in different ways, which explain the use of n or nn. It is necessary to distinguish between verbal adjectives and participles.

Spelling H and HH in nouns

Derived nouns n or nn is written depending on the morphemes with which the nouns are formed, or in accordance with the stem from which they are derived.

nn is written:

1) if the root of the word ends in n, and the suffix begins with n: elder-nick (elder), druzhin-nick (squad), birthday-nick (name-day), raspberry-nick (raspberry), swindler (mosna), aspen-nick (aspen), mountain ash (mountain ash); bezdan-nits-a (dowry), sleepless-nits-a (sleep), ringing-knits-a (ringing), log-knits-a (log);

2) if the noun is formed from an adjective that has nn, or from a participle: painfulness (painful), agitation (agitated), hryvnia-ik (hryvnia), power of attorney (trusted), zemann-itza (cutesy), spoiled- awn (spoiled), chosen-ik (chosen), exiled-ik (exiled), konn-itza (equestrian), root-ik (root), larch-itza (deciduous), unintentional (unintentional), educated (educated), public-ik (public), organized (organized), prisoner-ik (prisoner), sent-ik (sent), privileged (privileged), production-ik (production), millet-ik ( millet), handicraft-ik (handicraft), relative-ik (related), sacred-ik (sacred), seed-ik (seed), proper-ik (own), modern-ik (modern), consistency (agreed ), nebulousness (foggy).

2. N is written in the words: scarlet-itza (crimson), varen-ik (boiled), windiness, windy-ik, windy-itza (windy), gostin-itza (living room), drovyan-ik (wood), hemp-ik (hemp), smoked-ik (smoked), kostyan-ika (bone), maslen-itza (oil), trickyness (tricky), oat-itza (oatmeal), peat-ik (peat), smart -ost (clever), etc., as well as in the words alsha-nik, omshan-ik.

Spelling H and HH in suffixes abbreviated adjectives

Нн is written:

1) for adjectives formed from nouns using the suffixes -enn-, -onn-: artificial, cranberry, straw, operational, session, station, etc .; here you can also include adjectives formed from nouns for me (time, flame, etc.): temporary, fiery, seed, nominal, tribal, etc.

In the adjective windy, one n is written, since it is formed not from the noun wind, but from the verb wind with the suffix -n-, which does not contradict the spelling rule n in verbal adjectives: weathered, weathered, windy are formed from verbs;

2) in adjectives formed from adjectives with the help of the suffix -enn-, indicating a large measure of the sign: tall, hefty, wide, etc.

3) for adjectives formed from nouns with a base on n (second -n- adjective suffix): long (length), true (truth), millionth (million), old (antiquity), canvas (canvas), etc.

Adjectives such as ram, sazan, and seal are written with one n, since they are formed from nouns with a stem n by adding the suffix -j-.

The words spicy, ruddy, young are written with one n (non-derivative adjectives); in words derived from them, one n is also written: spice, blush, blush, youth (but: yunnat, since this word is formed from a combination of a young naturalist).

2. Н is written in adjectives formed from nouns using the suffixes -in-, -an-, -yan-: pigeon (dove), goose (goose), chicken, eagle, swan, leather (skin), sandy (sand) , wax (wax), linen (linen), silver, wood, etc.

Exceptions: glass, pewter, wood.

It is necessary to distinguish between adjectives, the spelling of which depends on their meaning:

a) windy - "accompanied by the wind, with the wind" (windy weather), "frivolous" - trans. (windy girl, youth); wind - "driven by the force of the wind" (wind turbine, pump, mill); in combination with chickenpox, the suffix -yan- is written in the adjective, cf .: chickenpox - colloquial;

b) buttered - “soaked in oil, oiled, soiled with oil” (buttered pancakes, porridge, hands), transfer. (oily eyes, oily voice, also: oil week - carnival); oil - "for oil, from oil, in oil" (butter biscuits, oil paint, oil engine, pump, etc.); cf .: an oil bottle ("intended for oil") and an oil bottle ("soiled with oil");

c) silver-plated - “silver-plated, covered with silver” (silver-plated spoon); silver - "made of silver" (silver spoon);

d) salty - "containing salt" (salted fish); salt - "consisting of salt" (salt mines, salt pillar). In combination with hydrochloric acid, the suffix -yan- is written in the adjective.

Spelling H and HH in verbal adjectives and participles

Complete forms. The suffixes of the full forms of the passive past participles are written with nn: -нн- and -ённ- (-enn-). Adjectives related to them in form are written in some cases also with nn in the suffix, in others - with one nn.

1. The participles and adjectives ending in -ovan, -evan, -evan are written with nn (formed from the verbs to -tovate, -toevat), for example: spoiled, uprooted, lined, painted, organized; uprooted, spoiled, painted, lined, reorganized.

2. The participles are also written with nn participles not in the -ovanny (-evan, - evanny) perfective verbs and adjectives related to them; the vast majority of such verbs contain a prefix.

a) Examples of forms formed from prefixed verbs: bleached, washed, tied, fried, scribbled, dyed, peeled, cursed, dyed, counted, untangled, made.

b) A list of forms of primordially non-prefixed verbs, as well as some verbs, the prefix in which can be distinguished only etymologically: abandoned, given, finished, bought, deprived, captive, forgiven, let go, decided, grabbed, revealed; met, started, offended, acquired, obliged, visited, supplied.

According to this rule, the forms of two-species (having the meaning of both perfect and imperfect form) of the verbs to crown, bequeath, promise, execute, give birth are written: crowned, bequeathed, promised, executed, born.

Exceptions. Adjectives correlating with participial forms are written with one n in the following stable combinations: a goner, named brother, named sister, planted father, planted mother, Forgiveness Sunday.

3. The participles not in -nova (-even, -evan) imperfective verbs (they are formed only from non-prefixed verbs) and adjectives related to them are written differently: participles with nn, adjectives - with one n, for example: carts loaded with firewood , oil-fried fish, oil painting, hair cut by a hairdresser and short-cropped hair, dyed with green paint on a bench, a floor that has not been swept for a long time, walls not yet whitewashed, money has not yet been counted, an offer made many times; but: a loaded barge, fried fish, written beauty, bobbed hair, painted benches, swept floor, bleached walls, a matter of minutes, pretended indifference; similarly knitted and crocheted, ironed and ironed, braided and braided, peeled and peeled; also written: chewed and chewed, pecked and pecked, forged and forged.

According to this rule, the forms of the two-species verbs are written concussion, baptize and injure. Wed: a shell-shocked soldier, a seriously wounded soldier, a soldier wounded in the leg, a newly baptized baby, but: a shell-shocked commander, a wounded soldier, a baptized child.

As you can see from the examples, the participle is recognized by the presence of dependent words. There are, however, rare cases when the dependent word is not a sign of the participle. For example, one should write: his mustache is clearly dyed (clearly artificial, where the word is clearly used with an adjective); the walls, which used to be whitewashed, are now covered with green paint (the walls used to be white).

In words with the prefix not-, in compound words and in some combinations? Repetitions, the forms of participles and adjectives are written in the same way as in a separate (without a prefix and not as part of a complex word or combination-repetition) use. Examples:

1. Words with the prefix not-:

Written with nn: uneducated, unaligned, unverified, unfinished, unbought, unforgiven;

They are written with n: unbleached, unironed, uninvited, unbroken, unfed, unpainted, unmeasured, unpaved, unplowed, unbidden, uncounted.

2. Compound words:

Written with nn: highly qualified, solid-stamped, acquired, freshly painted, purposeful, born blind, insane;

They are written with n: plain dyed, homespun, finely crushed, self-styled, seriously wounded, one-piece.

3. Combinations-repetitions with the prefix pendulum in the second part, which have an amplifying meaning. In them, the second part is written in the same way as the first (with nn or n), for example:

They are written with nn: pledged-re-pledged, resolved-overridden;

Written with n: patched-patched, washed-erased, repaired-re-read, read-re-read, darned-re-darned.

Exceptions. They are written with nn instead of n:

a) the adjectives desired, expected and (as part of stable combinations) have you seen anything?; Is it a heard thing? They are formed from the imperfect verbs to wish, wait and see, hear.

Special cases: adjectives worn and (in a stable combination) spilled sea; they are formed from the prefixed imperfective verbs to put on, to pour, that is, from the verbs with the suffix -va-, which naturally do not form the passive participles of the past tense;

b) adjectives with the prefix un-: unknown, unseen, unexpected, unwanted, unexpected, not worn, unexpected, unheard of, unintentional and (as part of a stable combination) an unsleeping eye;

c) complex adjectives long-awaited, homegrown and (as part of his own name) Andrew the First-Called.

The second parts of these prefixed and compound adjectives also correspond to imperfective verbs.

Short forms. Short forms of passive past participles are written with one n, for example: chitan, chitana, chitano, chitana; read, read, read, read; marked, marked, marked, marked; tagged, tagged, tagged, tagged. The forms of the neuter genus in impersonal use are also written, for example: smoked, littered, driven, used, driven-moved, used-crossed.

Short forms (except for the masculine form) of adjectives with a qualitative meaning, which coincide in form with the passive past participles of the perfect form, are written with nn, for example: educated, educated, educated (from the adjective educated ‘revealing the results of good education’); spoiled, spoiled, spoiled (from the adjective spoiled ‘accustomed to fulfilling his whims’); sublime, sublime, sublime (from the adjective sublime ‘full of high content’). Such adjectives have forms of a comparative degree: more educated, more spoiled, more sublime.

Compare the following examples in pairs with the short forms of participles and adjectives: She was raised by a distant relative. - She has good manners, she is well-mannered. She is Spoiled by Good Conditions - She is moody and spoiled.

Short forms of adjectives in -нn are written with one n if these adjectives require dependent words and do not have a comparative form. Examples: being attached to someone ‘being attached’ - She is very attached to him; full of something ‘full, imbued’ - The soul is filled with sorrow; heard about something ‘well-informed’ - We have heard a lot about his antics.

Some adjectives have differently spelled short forms in different meanings. For example, different spellings of the short forms of the word devotee: She is kind and loyal and She is dedicated. In the first example, a devotee is the same adjective as educated, spoiled, exalted, he has a comparative degree more devoted; in the second - the same as tied, fulfilled, heard (requires dependent words: someone, something).

Short forms of adjectives expressing various emotional states can be written with n or with nn, depending on the transmitted shades of meaning. For example: She is agitated (she is agitated) - Her speech is agitated (her speech is revealing, expresses excitement). In the first case, it is possible to write agitated (which would emphasize that her appearance expresses excitement), and in the second case, it is impossible to write agitated (since speech cannot ‘feel agitated’).

In difficult cases of distinguishing between such short forms, you should refer to the academic "Russian spelling dictionary".

The short forms of complex adjectives, the second parts of which coincide with the participles in -н, are written with n or nn, depending on the meaning. Adjectives expressing signs that can manifest themselves to a greater or lesser extent, that is, forming forms of a comparative degree, have short forms (except for the masculine form) with nn; adjectives that do not allow forms of a comparative degree by meaning have short forms with one n, for example:

Well-bred, -no, -nny; comfortable, -no, -nny; self-confident, -no, -nny; purposeful, -no, -no; purposeful, -no, -nnny (there are forms of a comparative degree that are more well-mannered, more comfortable, more self-confident, more purposeful, more purposeful);

Interconnected, -no, -y; interdependent, -no, -y; generally accepted, -no, -y; contraindicated, -no, -y (no forms of comparative degree).

Short forms of adjectives with a qualitative meaning, the full forms of which are transmitted in writing with one n, are written in the same way as the full ones. For example: made, made, made (from made ‘unnatural, forced’); confused, confused, confused (from confused ‘illogical, confusing’); scientist, scientist, scientists (from scientist ‘knowing something thoroughly’). The forms of the comparative degree (more elaborate, confused, more learned) and adverbs in -o (done, confused, learned) are also written.

Such adjectives are few and far between; the overwhelming majority of participles-related adjectives in -ny do not have a qualitative meaning; such are boiled, boiled, soaked, dried, chiseled, etc.

SPELLING OF N-NN IN ADVANCED SUFFIXES

Adverbs ending in -o, formed from adjectives / passive participles, are written with nn or n, depending on how the corresponding adjective / participle is spelled. For example:

They are written with nn: accidentally, unheard of (from the unintentional, unheard of), agitated, agitated (agitated), confident;

They are written with n: confused (confused reasoning), confusion, confusion (from confused), scholarly (very scholarly expressed), windy (it is windy in the yard today).