When a child climbs 6 indigenous. Eruption of milk and permanent teeth

Waiting for the first milk teeth in a baby is an exciting and pleasant time, although it is accompanied by some inconvenience. However, one expectation is soon replaced by another. And now mom and dad can’t wait until the baby teeth begin to change into permanent ones.

Features of dental care

The sooner you teach your child to take care of the oral cavity, the healthier his teeth will be. Cleaning is necessary for both molars and milk teeth. Moreover, the first permanent teeth especially need this, because at first the enamel is still very thin. She lacks minerals to resist germs and cavities. Therefore, experts recommend using a paste containing fluorine. After each meal, it is strongly recommended to rinse your mouth with clean water. During the day, it is advisable to consume less sweets, because. sugar destroys enamel.

Sometimes in the process of changing teeth, discomfort in the gums and itching are observed, complaints of increased sensitivity during meals are noted. Calcium-containing foods and vitamin-mineral complexes help strengthen teeth. A qualified pediatric dentist will be able to give practical advice on relieving pain and itching, as well as prescribing vitamins.

Teeth grow crooked: what to do?

The curvature of the molars can appear literally out of the blue, even if the milk row was perfect. The most common cause of individual teeth protruding or misaligned is slow jaw growth, while the teeth themselves grow at a normal rate. Thus, there is simply little space for the teeth, and they take up space above the neighboring ones. Another cause of curvature is the habit of sucking a finger, tongue or foreign objects (pacifiers, pens, etc.).

It is possible to determine whether the baby’s oral cavity is developing correctly at about 5 years old. Conduct a simple inspection at home and pay attention to the gaps between the teeth. If they are sufficient for the appearance of the first molars, then everything is in order. If the milk teeth sit very tightly to each other, then it may make sense to visit an orthodontist.

Extraction of a milk tooth: in what cases is it necessary?

The desire of many parents to pull out a milk tooth immediately after it began to stagger can be explained by the desire to help the child, to alleviate his suffering. However, this should not be done. With natural loosening, changing teeth is less painful.

There are two good reasons for having a tooth removed promptly:

• when it prevents the root from cutting through, and this can lead to curvature;
• when there is an inflammatory process.

You can also remove a tooth if it has been staggering for a long time and strongly, causing discomfort to the crumbs. In case of other concerns, we recommend that you contact a specialist.

Tooth fell out: what are your actions?

With a normal change of teeth, the wound does not bleed after falling out. In this case, it is enough for the child not to eat or drink for the next 2 hours. This will prevent the entry of irritating substances into the wound, as well as infection. As a prevention of infection, you can make a rinse solution: 2 tablespoons of salt in a glass of water with the addition of 2-3 drops of iodine.

If the cavity in the gum bleeds, do not be afraid. This only speaks of the rupture of thin vessels under the tooth. You can stop bleeding by biting a cotton swab for 5-10 minutes. If after that the blood is still flowing, call a doctor and get tested.

Caries of milk teeth: prevention and treatment

Decay in milk teeth is a common problem in children. Many parents do not attach much importance to it, relying on the early loss of the affected tooth, and make a mistake. A neglected infection can provoke deformation of the jaw, displacement of the molars, as well as their defeat even in the infancy.

Most often, caries is detected at the age of 2-3 years, and the appearance of dark spots is affected not only by poor hygiene, but even by the mother's lifestyle during pregnancy. Improper nutrition, taking strong medications, as well as bad habits often provoke the development of caries in the process of intrauterine development of the baby.

Tooth decay is also common in premature babies, formula-fed babies (especially with prolonged bottle use), and babies with gastrointestinal problems. Often the teeth of the sweet tooth are affected. The plaque that remains after eating sweets quickly destroys thin enamel.

Immediately after the appearance of the first milk teeth, we recommend visiting the dentist. In the future, it is necessary to examine the oral cavity at least once a year. This is the main method of prevention and timely treatment.

The eruption of molars in children usually raises many questions from their parents. Indeed, due to their size, they erupt for a long time and painfully. In addition, many are interested in what teeth are currently appearing in their child's mouth, milk or permanent? This information is really necessary to know, which will help to avoid many problems with the baby's oral cavity in the future.

Dairy or permanent?

The molars can be both. It's all about the age at which the process began and which pair of molars erupts. The first molars, the central ones, usually come in at the age of one and a half years and are called the first pair of premolars. Further, their number up to 2.5 years reaches 4, after which 4 molars erupt. But the 6th, 7th, 8th molars will already remain permanent, they will be much stronger than their dairy counterparts.

The change of molars usually takes place in the period of 7-12 years, at the same time permanent molars grow. The last pair of molars may appear only at the age of 18-25, or not erupt at all, and they will have to be helped surgically.

Don't be fooled that baby teeth don't need to be examined by a doctor. If they become a receptacle for caries, the pain in the child will be as severe as from damage to a permanent tooth. Root, nerves, enamel sensitivity - all this is present in milk molars.

What determines the timing of the appearance of teeth?

Each child actually has his own schedule, and every deviation in this plan is considered the norm. It depends on different circumstances.

• genetic factor. Usually, if the parents started the process early, the children will follow in their footsteps, and vice versa.
• The course of pregnancy.
• Maternal and infant nutrition, including the prenatal period.
• Climate and ecology of the area.
• Baby's health in the first months after birth.

In addition, the schedule for the appearance of permanent teeth may be shifted in relation to milk teeth, which depends on the living conditions of the child already at preschool age.

How to understand that premolars and molars are being cut?

The first pair of molars can begin to erupt as early as six months of age, when the child is tiny, still a baby. Naturally, he will not be able to explain his condition.

Is it possible to independently understand what happened to the aching baby, what symptoms can clarify the situation?

1. It all starts with children's whims, which intensify and turn into frequent crying. Indeed, the teeth are large, they need to cut through the bone tissue, and through the gums, which at this time are very swollen, redden. The child will not be able to remain in a good mood.
2. Actually swollen gums, and at the moment just before eruption, there are also whitish bulges in which a grown new tooth is hiding.
3. The child refuses to eat: when teeth are climbing, every movement of the gums causes pain.
4. Increased secretion of saliva. It drains at any time of the day in babies and makes older babies constantly swallow. But at night, the pillow will still give out all the secrets - it will be completely wet.
5. Temperature. When teeth are cut, blood flow in the gums is greatly accelerated. The body thinks that it is ill, and begins to react accordingly. However, doctors of the old school argue that real diseases that usually accompany a difficult period become the cause of increased body temperature. Immunity is reduced, and it is really possible.
6. Diarrhea. It can be the result of poor chewing of food, fever and a decrease in the functions of the gastrointestinal tract due to a violation of the natural functioning of the body.
7. In older children, when replacing milk teeth with permanent ones, gaps first appear. This means that the jaw is actively growing

How can you help a child?

Of course, when a baby cries, parents are ready for absolutely anything. Absolutely unpleasant symptoms will not be able to be relieved, but their sharpness can be smoothed out.

1. The first step is to deal with the gums. Cutting teeth? Help them. If you gently massage the gums, pain and itching can be relieved, and even speed up the process a little. This is easy to do - with a very clean finger (the nail must be neatly trimmed), gently rub the sore spot.
2. When teeth are cut, severe pain can be relieved by medication, but you should not get too carried away with painkillers. Balance is important, you should not use more than 3-4 times a day, and if you need more, it is wise to consult a doctor. Among the ointments used may be "Baby Doctor", "Kalgel", "Kamistad", "Cholisal", but they can be used only after reading the instructions and checking for an allergic reaction in your child.
3. When the teeth climb, the temperature usually does not last longer than 3-5 days, but if the duration is longer, a mandatory consultation with a doctor is necessary. Most likely, the matter here is not only in the teeth. Antipyretics usually have painkillers, so ointments on the gums during this period, most likely, will not be needed.
4. Surprisingly, increased salivation can create problems. Constantly rolling down the chin, and at night on the neck, it can cause serious irritation. If you do not wipe - from the moisture and acid contained in it. If wiped - from contact with a cloth or napkins. It is better to use a very soft dry cloth, gently blotting the surface of the baby's delicate skin, and then lubricate it with a fat baby cream. After that, moisture will not reach the pores, and its harmful effect will be significantly reduced.

And do not forget that self-medication is not always effective. Under the auspices of teething, you can miss the body's reaction to any disease indicated by the same symptoms.

First steps in dental care

Grandparents with a serious look will tell you that you shouldn’t brush your teeth until the age of 3 and in general - milk teeth will fall out soon, even spoiled ones. Unfortunately, caries does not fall out along with the milk tooth; it often remains in the oral cavity. Therefore, it is worth observing a number of rules.

1. Up to a year and a half, they suggest drinking a couple of sips of clean water after meals.
2. From the age of 2, you can try rinsing your teeth with water. Babies love this process.
3. Up to 2.5 years, the mother brushes her child's teeth with a silicone brush worn on her finger.
4. Up to 3 years, the child brushes his teeth without toothpaste, only with a brush dipped in clean water.
5. After 3 years under adult supervision can be brushed with toothpaste

In addition, you cannot do the following:

• give sweets to drink at night;
• allow a lot of sweets in general;
• allow unbalanced nutrition;
• tasting infant food and then dipping the spoon into the food, or otherwise allowing contact with adult saliva. So you can give children all possible infections, including caries.

Healthy:

• there is a lot of fiber - it can clean the baby's mouth no worse than pastes;
• introduce raisins, seaweed, dried apricots, hard cheese and fermented milk products, green tea of ​​the second tea leaves into the menu (to increase the amount of fluorine);
• starting from the age of 1, regularly take the baby to the dentist, if there are complaints or doubts - more often.

And for those who can’t sleep for several days and suffer, listening to the plaintive squeak of a child, it’s worth remembering that troubles have the only positive quality - they end. The main thing is to do everything so that this happens sooner, and doctors are better assistants for you.

One of the most difficult periods in the life of parents and their children is the eruption of milk teeth, the appearance of molars (for example, a six tooth), and then the change of milk teeth to permanent ones. The child experiences severe discomfort, cries, and the mother does not know how to relieve the pain and help the baby. But changing teeth is a natural process that every child goes through. So you don't have to worry too much. It is enough to show interest and prepare in advance for this period by learning about the types of teeth, the order of their appearance and location, as well as the timing of the first eruption and change.

Types of teeth and their location

The lower and upper six teeth are dentin (the hard part of the tooth) with a cavity covered with a layer of enamel. It has a characteristic shape, is built from several special tissues, and also has its own nervous apparatus, circulatory and lymphatic system. Inside the cavity of the tooth, contrary to popular belief, there is a loose tissue penetrated by nerves and blood vessels.

Normally, a person has from 28 (full set) to 32 teeth (full set + 4 wisdom teeth). Each tooth has its own name and performs a specific function.

Incisors are teeth whose function is to bite off food. These are the front teeth that erupt first (4 at the bottom, 4 at the top).

Fangs - cone-shaped teeth, the functions of which are to tear and hold food (2 at the bottom, 2 at the top).

Premolars are small milk teeth, and then small molars, following the canines, a pair on each half of the jaw. There are 4 at the bottom, 4 at the top. This is the 1st, 2nd premolar, or if you give serial numbers - the 4th and 5th tooth.

Molars are teeth whose functions are the primary mechanical processing of food. These are the largest molars. They are located next to the premolars, a pair on each half of the jaw (4 at the bottom, 4 at the top). 1st and 2nd molar or tooth six and seven. If in the adult period of life, after 20 years, an additional molar, a wisdom tooth, is formed, then their number becomes equal to 6 at the bottom and 6 at the top. Wisdom tooth - 3rd molar or figure eight tooth.

Sixes, as well as 7s and 8s, do not have milk teeth. They cut right through the roots.

If today many have seen what a separate molar six looks like from a photo on the network, then few know in what order the entire bite is located and what place this molar occupies.

By type of teeth are divided into milk and permanent.

In temporary children, there are only 20 teeth: these are all 8 incisors, 4 canines, and 8 premolars.

In the permanent bite, there are 20 replaced and 8 initially molars, a total of 28: these are 8 incisors, 4 canines, 8 premolars and 8 molars cut immediately by the molars. An additional 4 molars may also appear - wisdom teeth. Then the bite will have 32 teeth.

Tooth structure

The teeth are located on the upper and lower jaws. They are made up of hard and soft tissues.

• tooth enamel - the outer shell that protects the tooth;
• dentin - hard tissue, the basis of the entire tooth;
• dental cement - tissue that covers the neck and root of the tooth.

The soft pulp is a loose tissue inside the dental cavity, which has a large number of vessels, both blood and lymphatic, and nerve endings.

Anatomically, the tooth can be divided into three parts:

• crown - a part protruding above the gum;
• root - a part located deep in the gum alveolus;
• the neck of the tooth - part of the actual transition of the tooth enamel into the cement, that is, the place in the gap between the root and the crown.

Biochemical composition of the tooth

Since the parts of any tooth differ in their functions, they will also differ in biochemical composition.

The main composition of the entire tooth is water, organic and inorganic compounds. In particular, mineral components are some of the important constituents.

Enamel is a hard, mineralized tissue. Its strength is due to the high degree of mineralization.

Dentin is a mineralized tissue that does not have cells as such and blood vessels. Forms the bulk of the tooth. The structure is similar to both enamel and bone tissue of the body.

The pulp is a connective tissue consisting of cells and intercellular substance. The pulp performs one of the important functions: it participates in the formation of dentin and provides the central nervous system with the necessary information about the state of the enamel and the tooth as a whole, which explains the high sensitivity of the teeth.

Mineralization is the process by which an organic base is formed and saturated with calcium salts, in the presence of those in the body. This is an intensive process that occurs during teething and the formation of dentin and enamel, since initially the tooth has unmineralized enamel.

Baby teeth. Initial development

Milk teeth are the first set of teeth. At birth, they are absent, but already incorporated in the gums. On the 7th week of embryo formation, in the area of ​​future processes of the alveoli, there is a thickening of the epithelium, which in turn begins to grow in the form of an arcuate plate into the mesenchyme.

Eruption begins after birth, and always occurs in a certain sequence.

As a rule, milk incisors, the front teeth, erupt first, during the period of 4-6 months of a child's life. But the milk premolars - the latest, both in terms of location in the milk bite, and in turn of appearance, erupt in a period of up to 3 years. By this age, the child has all 20 teeth.

But do not focus strictly on age. Eruption, loss and replacement of teeth depend on many factors, including genetic ones. Therefore, the process can take place a little earlier, or vice versa a little later.

Then begins the formation of a permanent bite. And the first erupting tooth, which will be the root, is the six, the permanent tooth, the 1st molar. There is no predecessor in its place. Next, the 2nd molar, or the seventh tooth, begins to appear.

Next, the replacement of all milk teeth that have formed by that time begins with permanent ones, and, as a rule, the process proceeds in the same order as the eruption of milk teeth, that is, starting from the front incisors and ending with the already permanent premolars (4th and 5th m tooth).

The replacement process ends at the age of 8 to 12 years. This is a long period, and, as mentioned above, depends on many factors.

And starting from the 1st molar, or the 6th in a row (six tooth), all new teeth make parents worry about their health and the correct formation of the bite in the child.

Possible eruption disorders

The reasons that should make parents turn to a dentist and an orthodontist are different. But usually this is:

1. Loss of a milk tooth ahead of time or disturbing the order. The cause may be physical trauma or damage to the tooth by caries. The shedding itself is not a serious problem. But, it may be necessary to install a temporary prosthesis in place of the milk tooth until the permanent one erupts. After all, the children's jaw is just being formed, and if nothing interferes with the neighboring teeth, then they can move towards the resulting void. And this will lead to the fact that there is simply not enough space for the future molar tooth.
2. The reverse situation is when the milk tooth is too "stayed out". Under it, the root is already cut through, but it cannot be pushed out. In this case, the milk tooth must be removed by the dentist. However, please note that it is worth rushing to remove it only if the molar erupts over the milk tooth. If the root is not visible, and nothing causes discomfort, then pulling out the milk is not worth it. Since under the tooth there may simply not be a rudiment of the root, and then the milk tooth will remain so for life.

Depending on the characteristics of the development of the child, both milk and permanent teeth may come out a little later than the standard period. If a milk tooth has not erupted, the cause may be an intrauterine infection that could affect the tooth germ. If it erupted, but did not strive to fall out - this is the standard deviation. The dentist will take an x-ray, and if there is no root germ, then the milk tooth does not need to be touched.

Primary and permanent teeth. What are the differences?

But the molars are those teeth that never had predecessors, that is, the molars: the 6th, 7th, and 8th tooth (the 1st molar is the six tooth, the 2nd molar is the seven tooth, and 3 th molar - tooth figure eight).

And the premolars (the 4th and 5th teeth, or the 1st and 2nd premolars) are first milk, and then permanent, and also molars, because they replaced the milk predecessors.

Change of milk teeth

The process of changing the bite begins much earlier than the first tooth falls out. Over time, milk teeth cease to hold tightly in the gums, begin to stagger. And this happens due to the fact that the roots of such teeth are formed from tissue that can dissolve over time. But only if the germ of a permanent tooth appears.

The germ of the future tooth is separated from the milk root with just a thin bone plate. If it forms, it will begin to put pressure on this bone septum. Osteoclasts will begin to appear in the surrounding tissue, which are designed to destroy it.

From this moment, the process of changing one tooth to another goes from two sides: the permanent one destroys the barrier plate, and the pulp of the milk tooth begins to turn into a tissue rich in blood vessels and the same osteoclasts that destroy the dentin of the milk tooth. As a result, the root dissolves, and only the neck with the crown remains, which are easily removed during the growth of a new tooth.

molars

The most important task of the molars is chewing food. They do not appear at an early age, since there is no need for the chewing function yet.

But when they begin to erupt, it gives a lot of discomfort to children and experiences to their parents. After all, the structure of the molar tooth is different from the rest.

The maxillary molars have three roots and four internal canals, while the mandibular molars have two roots and three canals. But the problems are not in the root canals, but in the fact that these are the largest teeth with a wide masticatory tuberous surface, which is why the tooth erupts rather slowly, literally cutting through the gum.

The process almost always causes pain and inflammation of the gums. And if we take into account that the first tooth without a future replacement is a six-molar, which climbs at the age of about 5-6 years, then due attention must be paid. In addition to its proper formation, it must be healthy. Indeed, in the event of a lesion, for example, by caries, the removal of a six tooth will entail further prosthetics or leave a void, which can also affect the formation of the jaw and the entire bite.

Symptoms of molars eruption

From the molars, the teeth of the six, as a rule, are the first to emerge.

During the teething period, the defenses of the immune system are weakened, and the following symptoms may appear, similar to colds:

• elevated temperature;
• runny nose;
• and most importantly - increased salivation.

And since the teeth appear in pairs, that is, the canine on the upper right side erupts at the same time as the canine on the upper left side, then the teeth of the six in children come out together, which can aggravate the process.

These teeth erupt the very first of the molars. To relieve the symptoms of a small child and relieve some pain, you can massage the gums with your finger, but be sure to thoroughly wash your hands before doing this. Otherwise, the infection will not be difficult. And older children can chew hard vegetables or fruits: apples, carrots and other hard foods.

Note to parents

Below you can see a detailed diagram that will tell you when milk teeth appear, they change to permanent ones, and when molars begin to grow.

Today, many mothers try to control how their child brushes their teeth, but not always succeed. And then everything takes off. They are mistaken, believing that while all the milk teeth, do not worry, because they will be replaced anyway. However, everything is not so simple.

As can be understood from the above, in early childhood, the most important teeth for chewing - molars - erupt, and they will remain for life. If the child began to complain of pain, then most likely the six tooth gives it when it grows. Or the next molar.

But if the tooth is formed and continues to hurt, then you should immediately contact the dentist. The root cause, most likely, will be caries, and it is better to immediately install a filling, otherwise the roots of the six tooth will be affected.

At first, it is difficult for a young mother to grow the first teeth, when the child does not sleep at night, and all kinds of toys for chewing during teething do not give an effect. The child is crying, but it is impossible to help. Then comes the growth of the first molars, which is exacerbated by the possibility of damage. And as a result, control weakens. And the baby grows, begins to eat sweets, and all this is reflected mainly in the molars, due to their wide surface. And the lower molars, and in particular the lower six tooth, are most susceptible to the destructive effects of bacteria.

Dental diseases

Parents need to remember one rule: if a child starts to have a toothache, check the six first.

As they say, any disease is much easier to prevent than to treat it later. The same applies to diseases of the teeth and oral cavity.

Six teeth from above and below, despite their strength, are subject to mechanical damage from physical effort and the effects of an acidic bacterial environment. And since all permanent teeth have nerve endings, any damage will cause pain, and most importantly, irreversible damage to the structure of the tooth, not to mention its possible loss.

If, due to tissue damage by any disease, it is necessary to remove the six tooth, and this is the largest molar tooth, then in addition to the fact that the quality of chewing food will be impaired, an empty hole with a wound will remain, which will increase the likelihood of infection of the entire gum.

The most common dental disease is caries. This is a slowly ongoing process of bacteria affecting the tooth enamel, as a result of which they gain access to the dentin and destroy it. In addition, since the path to the pulp, in which the vessels and nerves are located, is open, an infection can get there and cause inflammation of the internal tissues, pulpitis.

Tartar is not so much a disease as the result of improper brushing of the teeth, as a result or absence of which, soft plaque begins to settle on the enamel, hardening over time, which makes it difficult to remove it in the future. In most cases, it is not dangerous, and is removed in the dental office. However, it can cause inflammation of the gums - periodontitis. And if left untreated, superficial inflammation of the gums can develop into a deep one. And then the teeth will suffer.

Removal of a molar

Removing any teeth is a very serious procedure. And the removal of a six tooth is also unpleasant. It is difficult for any adult to endure such an intervention, and a child even more so. No matter how well the equipment and anesthesia are chosen, no matter how competent the doctor is, all the same, swelling of the tooth socket and surrounding tissues cannot be avoided. Moreover, the method of removing such teeth involves loosening them, which can adversely affect neighboring teeth.

Remove them only for serious reasons. Any competent dentist will try to save the tooth. Assign removal in two cases. Or the tooth interferes with the normal growth of other teeth and the bite can deteriorate because of it. Or it can harm the body in case of serious caries damage.

Indications and contraindications for removal

An absolute indication is acute purulent inflammation with the possibility of developing osteomyelitis or phlegmon.

Relative readings:

• development of a cyst at the root;
• destruction of the outer part of the tooth without the possibility of restoration;
• dystopia or incorrect position of the tooth in the gum;
• malocclusion;
• periodontitis of the third and fourth degree;
• inflammation of the teeth caused by tuberculosis or actinomycosis;
• supernumerary teeth of the upper or lower six, which cause malocclusion;
• damage to the root of the tooth during dental intervention.

Dental care

In order for the teeth not to be exposed to diseases and not to cause pain and inconvenience, it is necessary to regularly monitor their cleanliness, as well as to carry out hygiene measures for brushing your teeth every day. Dental care is a simple and healthy habit that prevents many dental and oral diseases.

With the help of a toothbrush and paste, with light movements, without excessive pressure on the teeth and gums, food debris and plaque are removed. Together with them, bacteria that cause the destruction of enamel are also destroyed.

As a rule, doctors recommend brushing your teeth 2 times a day, in the morning and in the evening, but too frequent and intensive brushing, along with its absence, can harm your teeth. Since this is how the natural barrier that protects the dentin from the external influence of microorganisms is erased.

Particularly difficult areas to clean are:

• the inner side of the lower incisors;
• the inner surface of the lower molars;
• the outer surface of the upper molars;
• posterior surface of the last upper molars;
• and especially - the teeth of the six in children, since the bumpy surface does not always allow the bristles to "sweep" everything superfluous from the surface of the teeth.

The toothbrush should not have too hard bristles, so as not to damage the gums.

Additionally, you can use decoctions of herbs for rinsing. Chamomile or calendula will do, as they are natural antiseptics and soothe minor gum disease. Very useful infusion of propolis. But you need to use it with caution, because. it has many contraindications.

It is necessary to monitor the condition of the child's teeth at any age. In infancy, the attention of parents is riveted on how many teeth have been erupted in a child. At preschool age, the teeth are examined in anticipation of the replacement of milk teeth with permanent ones.

How teeth grow in children at 7 years old

At the age of 6-7 years, the change of milk teeth in children begins. A lot of questions and close interest of parents cause such important changes in a child's life. Just at this time, the first milk teeth fall out, and the permanent ones begin to grow.

Even in the womb, baby teeth begin to form. And immediately after the baby is born, the rudiments of permanent teeth begin to form in the child.

This long process depends on individual characteristics of development.

An adult has 16 teeth on top and 16 on the bottom, that is, a total of 32. How many teeth do children have at 7 years old? Children have only 20 milk teeth. At the moment when the permanent teeth begin to erupt, the milk teeth begin to fall out. No need to worry about the fact that the child experiences pain when a tooth falls out. This process is natural and painless. The roots of the first teeth dissolve and disappear, so the teeth fall out without much discomfort. As a rule, the bottom teeth fall out first. But, it's still purely individual.

The eruption of permanent teeth and loss of milk teeth occurs gradually in children over 6-8 years. This means that in a teenager, by the age of 14, this process is already completely completed. However, variations are possible, since the number of teeth replaced over a certain period depends on the daily diet, the genetic characteristics of the child, and even on the region of residence. The period for changing teeth is individual. It depends on how the body develops and grows, what diseases the child has had. By the way, the quality of drinking water used can significantly affect dental health. Caries and pulpitis of milk teeth are quite common, although they rarely hurt. To protect permanent teeth from the spread of the disease, timely treatment is necessary, and sometimes the removal of milk teeth. To treat or pull out a milk tooth - the dentist will decide.

How is the change of milk teeth in children at 7 years old

A child's teeth change, as a rule, with the same sequence. Exceptions happen in rare cases. The molars (sixth teeth) are replaced first. There are no milk molars. The sixth teeth at the bottom and at the top appear because the baby's jaw is growing.

After that, the milk teeth begin to gradually fall out, and the permanent ones grow. This process occurs according to a scheme identical to teething. The first to stagger and fall out are the incisors, then the premolars.

How to take care of your teeth

Daily dental care should be correct from the period of the appearance of the first teeth. But caring for permanent teeth is especially important. If initially the enamel is not sufficiently mineralized, the likelihood of developing caries is high. It is advised to brush your teeth with a toothpaste containing fluoride. Children should be taught to rinse their mouths with clean water after each meal. You need to know that the more children snack on foods that are harmful to their teeth, sweets, the more problems they will have with their teeth.

If it is difficult for a child to endure a change of teeth due to gum pain and severe itching, then consultation with a dentist is indispensable. During the period of growth and change of teeth, parents should ensure that the child eats more calcium-rich foods. You can also periodically give children vitamin and mineral complexes.

What to do if teeth grow crooked

Permanent teeth can grow crooked, even if the milk teeth were straight. This is because the baby's jaw is growing, but not as fast as the teeth. Therefore, larger permanent teeth become cramped and grow crooked.

It happens that the dentition is curved due to the presence of some bad habits. For example, a child constantly sucks on fingers, tongue, or other foreign objects. From the bad habits of the child must be weaned. If you, having examined the teeth of a seven-year-old child, noticed that the interdental spaces did not appear, then the child should be taken to an orthodontist.

It is wrong to remove a tooth if it has just begun to stagger. You need to wait for the natural loosening: so the tooth will fall out painlessly and simply for the child.

Immediate extraction is necessary if a baby tooth interferes with the growth of a permanent one. In this case, the risk that the new tooth will grow crooked increases. A tooth that provokes inflammation in the mouth is also subject to removal.

In addition, a tooth needs to be removed if it wobbles too much, thereby causing pain to the child.

What to do after tooth loss

After a baby tooth falls out, the wound may bleed. There is no need to scare the child and panic about this. This is due to the rupture of small blood vessels. It is necessary to give the child a small swab from the bandage to bite. After a few minutes, the bleeding will stop.

Doctors advise against rinsing your mouth with hydrogen peroxide. For this purpose, it is better to use a saline solution.

Diseases of milk teeth in children at the age of 7

Caries of milk teeth is detected quite often during preventive examinations. Some parents believe that milk teeth will fall out anyway, and this problem is ignored. Early destruction of the first teeth can provoke displacement of the molars. In addition, infection with caries can spread to the molars and their rudiments.

Early detection of caries and timely dental treatment will ensure the health of the teeth. Rate the article

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They can characterize both the biological and passport age of the child. The process and timing of teething depend not only on inherited genetic parameters, that is, how they erupted from mom and dad, and even from ancestors in the seventh generation. But the timing of teething can be influenced by external and internal factors. For example: climatic conditions, the nature of nutrition, the quality of drinking water and more. In this regard, in different regions, the timing of eruption of permanent teeth fluctuate. The hotter the climate. The teeth usually erupt earlier. Although this is also not an axiom.

Milk teeth usually begin to erupt at 6-8 months. A one-year-old baby usually celebrates his first birthday with four upper and lower incisors in his mouth. By the age of two, molars and canines. The second milk molars appear after another six months. The full formation of the milk dentition is usually completed at three years. In total, by the age of three, the child should grow all 20 milk teeth.

What if your baby has not yet erupted a single tooth by 9 months? First of all, do not worry ahead of time. The delay in the eruption of temporary teeth within 6 months is considered by dentists to be quite natural. At the same time, in boys, as a rule, teeth erupt later than in girls.

Start by carefully examining the baby's gums: it is very likely that they look swollen and reddened, or, on the contrary, the gum is thin and pale, and under it the edge of the tooth is palpable and even visible. In order to speed up teething, buy special ring toys - teething stimulators. A light massage of the gums with a clean finger or a cold teaspoon is also useful. Pressure on the gums facilitates and accelerates teething, and cold reduces discomfort.

Violation of the timing of teething can be caused by a general growth retardation against the background of a number of diseases of the child, primarily with rickets. Check with your pediatrician: your baby may need vitamins or calcium supplements to maintain normal mineral metabolism.

In rare cases, children have adentia - the absence of rudiments of teeth. So if the baby is already more than a year old, and his teeth have not yet begun to erupt, you should seek the advice of a dentist. You can check the presence of tooth germs using an x-ray. X-ray exposure can be unsafe for a child's body, so this study should be carried out only if necessary and as prescribed by a doctor. Today it is possible to reduce the harmful effects of X-rays by taking a picture using a radiovisiograph. Such equipment is usually available in every modernly equipped dental clinic.

Symptoms of teething in a child.

How can you tell if your child is already cutting their first tooth? Symptoms of teething of the first teeth in a child are reddened, inflamed gums, burning cheeks and, possibly, an already swollen white ball, from which a tooth is about to appear. True, he can keep himself waiting. Before being outside, the tooth must first pass through the bone tissue that surrounds it, and then through the gum mucosa. Do you need some help? You should not interfere in the natural course of events, because nature has provided that children's teeth are born on their own, without special efforts from the outside and additional devices. No need to irritate the baby's gums by scratching them with a piece of sugar or a spoon handle, as was done before. So you can damage the delicate milk teeth and infect the jaw bone. Be careful with bagels, bread crusts, bagels: their crumbs can get stuck in the airways.

A person during his life has a change of 20 teeth once, and the remaining 8-12 teeth do not change, they are cut through initially permanent (molars).

Teething.
The first (medial) lower incisors - 6-9 months.
The first (medial) upper incisors - 7-10 months.
The second (lateral) upper incisors - 9-12 months.
The second (lateral) lower incisors - 9-12 months.
The first upper molars - 12-18 months.
The first lower molars - 13-19 months.
Upper canines - 16-20 months.
Lower canines - 17-22 months.
The second lower molars - 20-33 months.
The second upper molars - 24-36 months.

These tables are approximate. According to statistics, the first tooth in modern babies, on average, appears only at 8 and a half months. Thus, the timing of eruption of the remaining teeth is shifted. Dentists believe that the later the first tooth erupted, the later the loss of milk teeth will begin, and this is undoubtedly good. However, up to a year, the baby should still have at least one tooth, otherwise, the causes should be looked for in any diseases, for example, in rickets. The first tooth can come in pairs, and the same is true with subsequent teeth. It happens that the crumbs immediately go to 4 teeth. Naturally, such a "massive" growth of teeth affects the timing of eruption. The situation is also uncertain with the order of the appearance of teeth, you simply cannot influence this, so “do not worry in vain”, because everything goes as nature intended.

Until the age of three, all milk teeth erupt in a child, which by the age of 5 begin to gradually be replaced by permanent ones.

There are 20 milk teeth in total: each jaw has 4 incisors (4 central teeth), 2 canines (third from the center or "eye") and 4 molars (fourth and fifth from the center "chewing" teeth).
An adult normally has 28-32 permanent teeth: each jaw has 4 incisors, 2 canines, 4 premolars and 4-6 molars. The development of the third molar (“wisdom tooth”) may not occur at all, with congenital adentia of the third molars, which is also considered the norm. Another situation is also possible: the “wisdom” tooth is laid in the thickness of the jaw, but never erupts due to an incorrect position or lack of space in the jaw. This situation occurs very often.

After that, there are no tremas (slots, gaps) between them, which is the norm. But as the jaw grows, gaps between the milk teeth should appear before changing the milk teeth to the permanent ones. This process is necessary because the permanent teeth are larger than the milk teeth and if gaps are not formed, the permanent teeth do not fit in the jaw and the child gets "crooked" permanent teeth.
In parallel with the formation of gaps between temporary teeth, there is a "resorption" of the roots of milk teeth, after which the teeth alternately loosen and fall out. Now there is even a fashion to buy a box of gold or silver to store the first teeth.

There is no general opinion about the normal timing of teething, since scientific studies by different authors were carried out in different regions and in different years of the last and our century.

If it hurts a lot...

Teething may be accompanied by increased excitability: the child becomes restless, capricious, often wakes up crying at night, may refuse to eat. At the same time, the baby drags any object into the mouth, as chewing reduces the itching of irritated gums. The secretion of saliva is sharply increased, which, flowing out of the mouth, can cause skin irritation. Often, a limited area of ​​redness or a rash appears on the cheek from the side of the erupting tooth. The child's temperature may rise to subfebrile values ​​(within 37.8 °). However, fever does not necessarily accompany teething.

Against the background of teething, one or another infection may develop. Therefore, if your baby has symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, earache, diarrhea, cough, rash, persistent loss of appetite or high temperature, you should consult a doctor.

What remedies relieve pain? The simplest is cold. Cold relieves pain and reduces swelling. If this does not help, you can use a dental gel or ointment containing anti-inflammatory and painkillers to lubricate the gums. If necessary, you can give the child an anesthetic drug. Any medications should only be used as directed by a physician.

Here are some common questions anxious moms ask

What to do if teeth erupt at the wrong time? To do nothing. There is no clear concept of “erupted late”, or rather, “teething terms” are relative generally accepted terms, and not strict data. These terms are determined by average values ​​and depend on neonatal (how the birth went) indicators, physical constitution, individual characteristics of the baby, etc. So no matter what time the teeth erupt, this time is normal for this child. By the way, the same applies to the eruption of permanent teeth and wisdom teeth. Only in rare cases of obvious pathologies can the timing of eruption really be abnormal.

The later teeth erupt - the healthier they are? Unfortunately, this is not the case - the timing of teething and their "quality" are not connected in any way.

What sedatives can be used in children with teething? Do these drugs affect the eruption process? No, these drugs do not affect the eruption process in any way. All of them have been clinically tested and naturally have no side effects. The only limitation is allergic children, but there is a sedative for them - Dr. Baby. Almost all of these gels contain lidocaine and excipients (menthol for cooling, flavors and astringents). I can recommend the following drugs:

Dentinox
Kalgel - it is sweet, you should not use it for diathesis.
Kamistad - very effective, but should be used sparingly.
Mundizal
Holisal
“Solcoseryl” dental paste (available for external use, do not confuse) - especially effective if there are bleeding wounds or painful sores.
Dr. Baby - if allergic to lidocaine

How often can soothing gels be applied? Soothing gels do not need to be used on a specific regimen (such as antibiotics). It hurts - smear, it doesn't hurt - don't smear. But especially do not get carried away, it is better not to use more than 3-4 times a day and more than 3 days in a row.

How to speed up cutting? Not medically. A method proven over the years is a gentle massage of the gums. With a clean finger, gently massage the gums and the child will feel better, and the tooth will erupt a little faster. Just do not press hard, do not injure. Usually they give the child a cold spoon to suck on, but you can also hold the pacifier in the refrigerator for a while and give it to the child. There are special teethers with coolant. Place in the refrigerator. Then give the child a bite. But don't overdo it.

Can there be a smell from the mouth during teething and what is it connected with? During teething, the mucous membrane is partially decomposed (lysis). Salivary enzymes play an active role in this. As you know, the amount of saliva during teething increases. This is due to the process of lysis. In this case, the viscosity, color and smell of saliva can really change. In addition, saliva contains weak antibacterial substances that prevent infection of the wound formed during teething. Their active influence can also change the normal properties of saliva. A certain amount of blood also enters the oral cavity, during the decomposition of which a sourish (metallic) smell can also occur.

What to do if the temperature rises sharply during teething? In principle, a slight increase in temperature during teething is normal. But she won't be 39-40. This does not happen when cutting.
Caution: Teething should not cause high fever, diarrhea, vomiting, complete loss of appetite, convulsions and suffocation. If you experience these symptoms, even if you think they are related to your teeth, see your doctor. It is also not recommended to give a child an antipyretic and analgesic (syrup, suppositories) without consulting a doctor and at a body temperature below 38.5 C.

How can children distinguish between an increase in temperature during teething and an increase in temperature for some other reason? How long can fever last during teething? Everything is individual, but basically hyperthermia and diarrhea are only secondary signs of teething. For a very small organism, this is a severe physiological fracture. Now, most pediatricians and physiologists admit that fever during teething is most likely a reaction to inflammation of the oral mucosa. At the site of the exit of the teeth, irritation is formed, often a wound (from friction and due to lysis), it is not uncommon for the wound to become infected. So hyperthermia is not caused by the mechanism of tooth formation itself, but by side effects. One of the arguments in favor of this opinion is that during the eruption of permanent teeth, despite the similarity of histological and physiological changes, there are almost no such symptoms.

The occurrence of symptoms of a cold and diarrhea is explained by a sharp change in diet and diet, permanent foreign objects in the mouth and a violation of the microflora, as well as a weakening of local immunity in the nasopharynx.
From this we can conclude that if the fever and loose stools continue for too long (more than 72 hours), then the reason is most likely not teething.

Possible features of teeth in children at the stage of teething:

Widening spaces between teeth. It may reflect increased growth of the jaws and is regarded as a normal condition during the transition period from milk teeth to permanent teeth. A wide gap between the anterior incisors in the upper jaw is usually associated with a deep-lying frenulum of the upper jaw. The orthodontist determines the tactics of observation and treatment of a wide gap between the teeth.

A blackish edging on the neck of the tooth may be due to the use of soluble iron preparations or a chronic inflammatory process (deposition of bacteria of the leptotrichia group);

Yellowish-brown staining of the teeth is more often associated with the use of antibiotics by the mother in the second half of pregnancy or by the child during the period of tooth formation.

Yellowish-greenish staining develops with severe disorders of bilirubin metabolism and hemolytic (erythrocyte destruction) conditions;

Reddish staining of tooth enamel is characteristic of a congenital disorder of pigment metabolism - porphyrin. This disease is called porphyria;

Anomalies of bite occur due to uneven growth of the jaws, due to prolonged sucking of the nipples;
Anomalies in the location of the teeth occur for constitutional reasons (small size of the jaw), due to injuries, with congenital disorders of connective tissue metabolism, with tumors of the alveolar process of the jaw.

The absence of teeth up to 1 year is extremely rarely associated with adentia - the absence of their rudiments. You can check the presence of tooth germs using a special radiovisiography method prescribed by a pediatric dentist.

Atypical situations.

Timely, in a certain sequence, the growth of teeth indicates the normal development of the baby's body. This is a physiological process and it is in direct connection with the general health of the child. But consider some atypical situations that can indirectly indicate the presence of pathology. However, only indirectly. Once again, we will make a reservation that only a thorough study can confirm or refute these assumptions.

1) Delayed eruption (more than 1-2 months from the norm) may be due to rickets, infectious disease, prolonged bowel dysfunction and changes in metabolism.
2) Earlier teething (earlier 1-2 months before the norm) - may indicate endocrine disorders.
3) Violation of the sequence, the absence of one or another tooth can also be the result of some anomalies in the health of the child (there are isolated cases when even the rudiments of teeth are missing) or be the result of diseases suffered by the mother during pregnancy.
4) Eruption of a tooth outside the arch of the dentition can be caused by an incorrect position of the axis of the tooth (horizontal or oblique).
5) Incorrect formation of the tooth itself - size, shape, position, color, lack of enamel coating, etc. The reasons for these phenomena should be analyzed by a specialist.
6) The appearance of teeth before birth. Such situations are extremely rare. Such teeth prevent the child from sucking the mother's breast, they are usually removed.

Here are some things to remember when teething baby teeth:

Regularly rub the baby's face with a special towel to remove saliva and prevent irritation on the skin, it is better not to rub, but gently pat the saliva so as not to cause irritation around the mouth.
Place a clean, flat cloth under your baby's head to absorb dripping saliva. When the napkin gets wet, you don't have to change the sheet.

Give your child something to chew on. Make sure it's large enough so your child won't swallow it or chew it into small pieces. A damp washcloth placed in the freezer for 30 minutes can be a good solution, just remember to wash it after each use. Special teething rings, which are sold in pharmacies, are also effective. If you are using rings, do not freeze them to stone to avoid damage to weak gums. Never tie a teething ring around your child's neck to avoid getting tangled in the ribbon. Gently massage your child's gums with a clean finger.

Never put aspirin or other tablets on your teeth, or rub alcohol-based solutions on your gums.
If your child is not feeling well, pediatric paracetamol may help. BUT FIRST OF ALL, CONSULT YOUR DOCTOR!

Once your teeth are in, you need to take care of them. A child up to 1-1.5 years old can brush their teeth once a day with a special brush made of soft plastic (put on mother's finger). At the same time, it is convenient to put the baby on your knees, with your back to you. An older kid can buy the first children's toothbrush in a convenient size, with durable bristles. At this age, children imitate adults with pleasure, and the ritual of morning and evening brushing their teeth is easily fixed. It is clear that the baby is still playing brushing his teeth, and while the mother is cleaning them, it is most convenient to stand behind the baby. From the age of two, you can teach your baby to rinse his mouth with water (it would be nice to do this every time after eating) and use children's toothpaste. You may need to try several brands of toothpaste before a new taste suits your baby.

Among other measures for the prevention of caries (deciduous teeth are more fragile than permanent ones, and are affected in a shorter time!) - control over the amount of sweets in the child's diet and the absence of sweet drinks (juices, sweet water) at night and at night.

The first time you need to show your child to the dentist in a year. However, if something bothers you - broken, darkening of the tooth, the presence of stains on it, bad breath - contact your doctor as soon as possible. The health of milk teeth is the key to the proper formation and health of permanent teeth.

How to prevent caries

1. Do not lick the nipple or try the baby's food with a baby spoon. So you protect the baby's mouth from the bacteria that are contained in the saliva of an adult.
2. If possible, reduce the amount of sugar in the children's diet. Offer water or natural juice instead of sweetened drinks, and never give sugary drinks as a bedtime sleep aid.
3. Teach your one-year-old to drink a few sips of water after eating, and after two years to rinse his mouth after eating.
4. Take your child to the dentist regularly. The first time this can be done in two years. If problems arose earlier, do not delay going to the doctor. Check your child's teeth at least once every six months.
5. Try to prevent injury to your teeth. With damaged enamel, they are destroyed faster.
Strengthen your baby's teeth with a healthy menu. Include in the child's daily diet 10-20 g of hard cheese, a few tablespoons of seaweed, 5-6 raisins, 1-2 dried apricots, green and black tea (rich in fluorine).
6. The child should brush his teeth after every meal or at least twice a day, including before bedtime.

Did your teeth erupt? It's time to clean

Immediately after eruption, a child's teeth are exposed to aggressive environmental influences. Microbes settle on the teeth, forming a film of plaque. Acids are actively produced in plaque. Under their influence, the enamel of milk teeth is easily destroyed, and a carious cavity is formed.

Acid production is especially active in the presence of sugar. Therefore, the reason for the development of caries in the first years of life is often an early transition to artificial feeding, especially if the child sucks sweet milk formulas or juices from a horn for a long time.

Start regular oral care before teething. Using a moistened sanitary napkin, dressed on a clean finger, gently wipe the mucous membrane of the cheeks and gums. Recently erupted incisors are also initially wiped with a napkin.

In the second year of life, it's time to start using a toothbrush. Today, there are special toothbrushes on sale - they are small and have extra soft bristles. I can, for example, recommend the My First Colgate brush. Funny bright toys decorating the handle of this brush will form a positive attitude towards brushing your child's teeth.

Up to two years of age, we recommend that parents brush their baby's teeth with just a damp toothbrush. From the age of two, you can start using toothpaste. It is best if it is a paste containing fluorine. However, it should be remembered that a small child tends to swallow toothpaste during brushing, so it is better to use children's toothpastes with a reduced fluoride content until the age of 6 years. A small amount of fluoride toothpaste, about the size of a pea, is sufficient for a single brushing.

The risk of early development of caries is increased with insufficient fluoride content in drinking water. This situation takes place, for example, in Moscow and St. Petersburg. Children from 2 to 14 years old need to compensate for the daily intake of fluorine in the body. The recommended daily dose of sodium fluoride tablets or drops should be determined by your child's pediatrician or pediatric dentist.